# | Article | Downloads | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1001 | The article presents the results of theoretical and experimental study of the problem relevant for pedagogy and speech therapy. Its relevance is associated with an increase in the number of bilingual children who have problems in mastering the school curriculum. Theoretical analysis of the problem allowed us to state the contradiction between the need to overcome the difficulties of mastering the laws of the Russian language by bilingual children and the insufficient development of a systematic approach to understanding and studying the mechanisms of speech competence and the search for effective technologies to overcome it, taking into account its determining factors. The results of a comparative experimental study indicate difficulties in teaching students with bilingualism, the different nature of these difficulties and the need for special correctional assistance. Pedagogically organized inclusion of children of grades 3–4 with bilingualism in the system of speech therapy through a purposefully organized educational space of interacting subjects: speech therapist, teacher and parents is considered as a condition for overcoming learning difficulties. The features of the content of speech therapy work with bilinguals are considered from the standpoint of taking into account the similarities and differences of the two language systems in which the child exists and learns, understanding the mechanism of difficulties in mastering the language in which the training is conducted. For this purpose, the lessons include generalized schemes aimed at forming an associative connection of the transition from one language to another. The study implements a psycholinguistic approach to the study and implementation of speech pedagogical assistance to primary school children with bilingualism. Keywords: bilingualism, monolinguals, bilinguals, speech therapy program, generalized schemes, Russian language, Tatar language | 150 | |||||
1002 | Today, each enterprise is a unique system, the effective and high-quality functioning of which depends on the coherence in the work of all its elements. According to a number of psychologists and researchers in the field of management, such functioning is more determined by both the level of professional competence of employees of the enterprise and their motivational attitudes for professional activities. In this regard, one of the main tasks of the head is the understanding of the motivational sphere of employees and the features of its formation in order to build effective interaction and management with a prospect of further increase in labor productivity and increase the competitiveness of the enterprise. To identify the features of the motivation of professional activity of employees of enterprises, 2 methods were used: the questionnaire “Motivation of professional activity” by K. Zamfira (modified by A.A. Rean) allows you to determine the structure of the motivational complex of the personality and the questionnaire of I.G. Kokurina “Dictionary”, which allows diagnosing the semantic orientations of employees of enterprises, as well as identifying the semantic motives of professional activity. Diagnostic tools are due to the peculiarity of enterprises and the possibility of a comprehensive study of the motivation for professional activities of their employees. The study involved 126 employees of Belgorod enterprises. In order to identify the dynamics of changes in the types of motivation and content motives of the professional activities of enterprises, depending on the length of service, we divided the sample into 5 groups: 1 group consisted of employees whose professional experience is less than 5 years, 2 groups - employees with experience from 5 to 10 years , 3 groups - employees with experience from 10 to 15 years, 4 groups - employees with experience from 15 to 20 years, 5 groups - employees with experience over 20 years. During the study, it was revealed that most employees of enterprises are dominated by external positive motivation and resulting orientation towards professional activities. The results of a comparative analysis made it possible to conclude that there are differences in the types of motivation and types of semantic orientation of employees depending on the experience of professional activity, namely: the more experience, the more pronounced the internal motivation over external and procedural orientation over the resulting. Keywords: motivation of professional activity, internal motivation, external positive motivation, external negative motivation, semantic orientation of employees, procedural orientation of employees | 150 | |||||
1003 | The article is devoted to the problems of developing emotional literacy as the ability to understand one’s own emotions and the emotions of other people, the ability to adequately express them, as well as readiness, on this basis, for emotional interaction. The article substantiates the idea that emotional literacy is the cognitive basis of emotional intelligence. The authors discuss the possibilities of forming emotional literacy in adolescents and developing emotional intelligence on this basis. Emotional literacy can be considered as a set of knowledge and skills that can be formed with the help of specific educational programs. The main form of teaching emotional literacy is usually considered training. It is characterized by a combination of effective feedback and group support. The article presents the author’s view of the tasks of work on the formation of emotional literacy in adolescents, analyzes various forms of implementation of this activity (training, conversations, discussion clubs, art studios, etc.). The authors substantiate the idea that the tasks of developing emotional literacy can and should be solved not only in extracurricular activities, but also in the educational process. The teacher can use the emotionally stressful situations that have arisen, the difficulties of self-regulation in children as a subject for conversation and teaching emotional literacy. Teaching humanities subjects, especially literature, history, and world art culture, should be based on a combination of emotional and rational in the knowledge of human behavior and emotions. Keywords: emotional intelligence, emotional literacy, adolescence, education, training | 149 | |||||
1004 | As one of the three newly added sub-systems in China’s new era of ideological and political education, psychological education is a distinctive feature of the current mental health education work in Chinese universities, which contains three theoretical foundations: the theory of man’s free and allround development, the development theory of Humanistic Psychology, and the theory of happiness in positive psychology. Only by fully sorting out and excavating its theoretical basis and current value pursuit, and providing a strong theoretical basis for the development of mental health education in universities (hereinafter referred to as “university”), can it truly play a guiding role in practice. Keywords: Chinese universities, Psychological Education, mental health education, theoretical origins | 149 | |||||
1005 | The biopsychosocial model of mental health, mental disorders and psychological well-being is the modern model adopted by the psychological and medicine practice. Scientific theories concerning various aspects of human being consider the determinants of any process as the unity of biological and social. The purpose of the study is to form a social portrait of the psychological well-being of students in the Tula region. The SCL-90 test scales were used as parameters for assessing psychological well-being; as parameters characterizing the social portrait - social status (a student from a large family, an incomplete or low-income family, a student with a disability or chronic disease, a student with family and children, a student left without parental care). The study involved 1363 students of universities in the Tula region aged 17-24 years, of which 1068 female, 295 male. Monitoring was carried out during the fall of 2022. Conclusions: the presence of social status does not imply, but does not exclude low indicators of psychological well-being. Differences in the psychological well-being of students depending on the social status were revealed. Students from large families are twice as likely to demonstrate a low level of psychological well-being than a high one; students from single-parent families are three times more likely to demonstrate a low level of psychological well-being than a high one; students with disabilities or chronic diseases are significantly more likely to demonstrate a low level of psychological well-being than a high level; orphan students are twice as likely to demonstrate a low level of psychological well-being than a high one; students from low-income backgrounds are three times more likely to have a low level of psychological well-being than a high level. The results obtained indicate the expediency of social and psychological support for students of these social groups, and, first of all, students with chronic diseases or disabilities. Keywords: social portrait, social determinants, psychological well-being, youth, students | 148 | |||||
1006 | The article gives an idea of the people and events in our country in the early 1950s on the example of the life of Alexei Petrovich Romanov, a graduate of the Tomsk pedagogical institute, a student and colleague of professor F. F. Shamakhov. A. P. Romanov is known as a publicist on scientific and pedagogical topics, the author of informative and profound pedagogical articles and scientific research, including the candidate degree thesis “Children’s clubs as the basis of educational work of schoolchildren”. A. P. Romanov’s doctoral dissertation “Children’s and teenage clubs in the system of public education in the USSR (historical and pedagogical aspect)” significantly expanded the current club topics throughout the country. Already in the years of student studies of A. P. Romanov, the famous Tomsk scientist in the field of the history of pedagogy F. F. Shamakhov noted the high research potential of his student, predicted the further successful scientific growth of a promising young man. Throughout his life, the wise teacher F.F. Shamakhov provided him moral, paternally caring and friendly human support, stimulated scientific confidence in creative searches. In this article, now halfforgotten epistolary genre in the author’s edition of the academicians of the Russian Academy of Education is used as evidence of the high culture of written communication of the scientific intelligentsia of the 20th century. Keywords: Scientific school of F. F. Shamakhov, history of pedagogy, research work, school children’s clubs, correspondence of famous scientists | 147 | |||||
1007 | The article deals with the question of demonstrating the features of the national identity of traditional ethnic groups under the influence of globalization and ethnic revival. Ethnic groups found themselves in the face of new challenges and a continuous process of clash of values, transformation of identity components due to the acuteness of the interaction of “their own” and “others” in the world of traditions and in the world of integration of cultures. The methodological basis for the analysis of national identity is the idea of the realities of the outside world as a condition for the development and existence of the individual, which was revealed in the scientific school of V. S. Mukhina “Phenomenology of the development and existence of personality”. We consider the coupling of the realities of the external world (the objective world, the natural world, the realities of figurative-sign systems and the realities of the socio-normative space) as a condition for the development and existence of a person, which determines national identity. The aim of the study was to determine the emotional and cognitive components of the national identity of small ethnic of Western Mongols: Myangat, Torgut, Khoton, Uriankhai and Olet. The respondents’ national identity is characterized by a high stereotyped awareness of “their own” and “others”, the predominance of the emotional evaluation factor, the high importance of the traditional attitude to the objective world, the natural world, the realities of figurative and symbolic systems and the realities of the socio-normative space. Keywords: national identity, ethnic identification, self-determination, ethnic minority, ethnic majority, traditional values | 146 | |||||
1008 | The implementation of the national project “Education” requires a change in approaches to the learning process at school and university. The federal project “Digital Educational Environment” implemented within the framework of this national project contains a description of the specific goals and objectives of training teachers who are able to carry out professional activities in the conditions of digitalization of the educational environment. The purpose of the article is to analyze the implementation of the discipline “Information systems of the digital educational environment of the school” in the training of future subject teachers at a pedagogical university. The basis of the research is the academic discipline “Information systems of the digital educational environment of the school”, aimed at mastering information systems and technical equipment of the digital educational environment of the school by students of the IV–V courses of pedagogical specialties of the Kuzbass Humanitarian Pedagogical Institute of Kemerovo State University (KSPI KemGU). The research materials indicate the problems of introducing modern technical and software tools of the digital school environment into the educational process of training future teachers. In the course of the study, it was found that for the successful implementation of information systems and technical means to ensure a digital educational environment, a different approach to the planning of the training course is required and, accordingly, the redistribution of time for the preparation and conduct of classes on the basis of technical support of the course. The entrance survey of students aimed at studying students’ attitudes to the use of information systems and technical means of the digital educational environment in professional activities showed that the main difficulty is the lack of opportunities for self-study using technical equipment that ensures the functioning of the digital educational environment based on digital services. Nevertheless, in the course of the study, it was found that at present conditions have been created at KSPI KemGU for the successful implementation of information systems and technical means of the digital educational environment in the educational process of the university in the preparation of future teachers. The author’s course of the discipline “Information systems of the digital educational environment of the school” has been developed using modern capabilities of information systems and technical means to ensure the work of a digital school. The research materials are of interest to scientific and pedagogical communities discussing the development of the digital educational environment of the school. Keywords: information systems, digital school, digital services, training of future teachers, educational process at the university, digital educational environment | 145 | |||||
1009 | At the present stage, the problem of the quality of specialist training is common to all educational institutions of higher education, since the trend towards a decrease in the quality of specialist training persists. The analysis of existing approaches in scientists’ research to solving this problem indicates that in order to ensure the quality of specialist training, it is necessary to develop a structural and substantive model of specialist training at an industrial transport university in the context of ensuring the quality of a competitive environment, which allows establishing interdependent processes such as: setting goals, selecting tools, methods, setting criteria for conditions of a competitive environment, which is the purpose of this study. This article presents the author’s structural and content model of training a specialist of an industrial transport university in the context of ensuring the quality of a competitive environment, developed on the basis of the principles of systemic, qualimetric and environmental approaches. The content of each of the blocks of the model is disclosed, indicating the ways and directions of further development of organizational processes of an industrial transport university in the context of ensuring the quality of a competitive environment. The developed structural and content model allowed us to establish the relationship of all the processes described in the model and find key points among such components as conditions, processes and results of educational activity. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the fact that the parameters of the model are logically justified, their completeness and interrelation, the study of the patterns of interaction among themselves, contribute to the development of the theory of university management in modern conditions. This model can be used as a practical basis for universities to develop measures to achieve the quality of training specialists and ensure the quality of its competitive environment. Keywords: structural and content model, specialist training, competitive environment, industrial transport university | 144 | |||||
1010 | The article discusses the possibilities of forming the linguistic knowledge of foreign students in the process of constructing a booktrailer based on the material of a popular scientific book - a linguoculturological dictionary of regional onomastics, built on a thematic principle, taking into account the motivation of region names. The characteristics of the booktrailer video technology are given, the experience is presented and the expediency of teaching this technology to philology students who will be able to use the acquired skills in their future pedagogical practice is proved. The learning process is shown on the material of training videos. Special attention is paid to the representation of the cultural and historical background of Pskov godonyms, their connection with important historical events and famous cultural figures for the region is revealed. The stages of a methodological experiment are described, the results of which showed that students mastered a new video technology, gained additional knowledge on the history of Russia and the Pskov region, learned to reveal the cultural background of godonyms in linguoculturological comments. Thus, the expediency of involving students in the construction of a book trailer was confirmed in order to expand their linguistic and local knowledge and improve their skills in the field of video technology. Keywords: Russian as a foreign language, regional linguoculturological dictionary, video technologies, booktrailer, international students | 142 | |||||
1011 | The practice of applying the method of research in action (action research) in solving research problems is considered. Based on the history of the emergence and development of the method of research in action, the analysis of the practices of its application in scientific works, a description of the method was formed, as well as the principles of its application, which can be guided in conducting pedagogical research. The method has become widespread in English-language studies, as well as the phenomenon of multiliteracy, however, based on a search among many scientific sources in open resources, it is rarely used in the context of pedagogical research in Russian discourse. The use of the method of research in action in the study of the phenomenon of multiliteracy as an integrative personal characteristic necessary for interacting with a text of a new nature is substantiated. Using the presented method, the skills of a multiliterate person, which are formed during the development of the corresponding online course, are described. As part of the application of the method, the study of the practice of mastering multiliteracy as a new phenomenon for the Russian-speaking pedagogical discourse with relevant data was supplemented, and the most complete picture of all stages of its implementation was obtained. The stage of the dissertation research described in the article made it possible to solve one of the tasks set in it. The author cites not only the benefits of using the research method in action, but also the risks that may arise. The application of this method makes it possible to analyze the practical actions leading to the formation of the scientific provisions of pedagogical research and to contribute to the methodology of pedagogy. Keywords: action research, multiliteracy, multiliterate person, online course, multiliteracy skills, new nature text | 142 | |||||
1012 | Mastering a profession is the most important task in higher education. It consists of both the acquisition of professional knowledge, skills, and the formation of a special attitude to professional activity and its attributes. This attitude, called professional identity, allows you to successfully integrate professional activity into a person’s life. As a result of the analysis of modern research on professional identity, two main approaches to its consideration can be distinguished. The personal approach determines the relationship to the elements of professional activity. Within this approach, identity is interpreted as a set of cognitive, affective and motivational components. However, the most common model of professional identity development developed in this approach assesses the overall development of all three components. The social approach is based on the degree of coincidence of personal values and motives of a person with the values and motives of the professional community. This approach is rarely used in empirical studies of professional identity. Research on a student sample is practically absent. An analysis of modern empirical research has shown that the level of professional identity of senior students lags far behind the level of professionals, even with little work experience. The data obtained show that there is indeed a connection between the levels of identity development in the personal and social approaches. The nature of the relationship suggests that one of the factors slowing down the development of professional identity in a university is the lack of sufficient professional experience. Keywords: professional identity, students, mastering a profession, higher education, professional community | 141 | |||||
1013 | The article presents an analysis of the experience of working with bilingual children of six years in the conditions of preschool training for Russian schools opened in the Republic of Tajikistan. The educational process in these schools will be carried out in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard of Primary General Education of the Russian Federation. The features of the implementation of the pre-school training program, developed in accordance with the requirements of the preschool education standard and tested in classes with bilingual children, are described. The features of bilingual six-year-olds are determined. The methods of organizing educational and play activities of preschool children who have mastered the Russian language at different levels are described, which in the future may cause difficulties for students in achieving subject and meta-subject results determined by the educational program. The speech environment is characterized, which has formed a natural bilingualism in the child and does not contribute to enriching the speech experience of a preschooler. The reasons for the difficulties in teaching bilingual children are explained. The reasons of difficulties in conducting classes on pre-school preparation, which arise both in children and in the teacher, are revealed. The stages of the organization of preschool training of future first-graders are presented, the essential directions of this work, including linguistic and mathematical content, are considered. Based on the results of work in the conditions of preschool preparation, the main conclusions are made that can guide primary school teachers implementing the educational process in Russian schools of the Republic of Tajikistan. Keywords: pre-school preparation, bilingual child, psychological readiness, six-year-old child | 140 | |||||
1014 | . | 139 | |||||
1015 | The currency of the survey is occasioned by the fact that consideration of the professional thinking as a resource, demands widening of apprehension of it as a metasystem, which includes cognitive, metacognitive, personal and resourceful and behavioral components. The data of the research of professional thinking of preschool teachers (n = 70), supported by a metasystem approach, has been presented in the article. The peculiarities of structural-level organization of pedagogical professional thinking on a systemic level have been defined: it has been concluded that teachers, who work with preschool children, represent all the levels of professional thinking, simultaneously they more often make situational decisions with suprasituational direction (in 1/3 of cases) and exactly this level has been characterized as more organized structurally compared to others. The similarities and differences of professional thinking depending on specialization and location of a preschool educational establishment have been evolved (partially in the qualities of suprasituational thinking and metacognitive characteristics). It has been established that there is a partial connection between components-subsystems of professional pedagogical thinking: the suprasituational level of thinking is related to self-actualization, self-management and self-interest involve behavioral flexibility and creative solutions of problem situations, self-confidence is positively combined with metacognitive characteristics and comprehensiveness of analysis of a problem situation. The conception of potential of professional thinking, new for psychological and pedagogical science, has been suggested. The results obtained can be used in preschool education towards achieving performance indicators of educational activities. Keywords: professional pedagogical thinking, cognitive, metacognitive and personal peculiarities, preschool teachers, potential of thinking, structural-level organization of thinking, metasystem approach | 139 | |||||
1016 | In modern socio-cultural conditions, the demand for folk experience in physical education and the formation of a healthy lifestyle is increasing. Objectives of the article: to analyze the pedagogical baggage of folk pedagogy from the standpoint of ideas in the field of physical education and a healthy lifestyle, to identify the degree of students’ readiness to implement the ideas of folk pedagogy in the field of a healthy lifestyle, to adjust the content of academic disciplines with the inclusion of folk values in them in the field of a healthy lifestyle. The analysis of proverbs and sayings made it possible to single out several aspects of a healthy lifestyle presented in them: the importance of health, movement, nutrition in human life, the role of labor activity, the relevance of hardening. The article systematizes the main factors in the formation of a healthy lifestyle among the younger generation: practical (folk games), value-semantic (traditions and customs), verbal-normative (proverbs and sayings). In order to determine the readiness of students to use the traditions and means of folk pedagogy in the physical education of preschoolers and younger schoolchildren, a survey of 95 first and second year students of the full-time and correspondence departments of the Faculty of Pedagogy and Psychology was conducted in three profiles: “Preschool education. Primary education”, “Preschool education”, “Primary education. Additional education. The results of the survey made it possible to outline the directions for including the wisdom of folk education in the content of the professional training of future teachers. The results of the survey showed the expediency of including sections in the disciplines of vocational training that reveal the views of peoples on a healthy lifestyle, traditional folk means of physical education and the methodology for their use in kindergartens and elementary schools; raising the general cultural level of students in the study of the disciplines “Ethnopedagogy”, “Formation of a polyethnic culture of younger students”, regional culture. Keywords: folk pedagogy, healthy lifestyle, students, professional activity, folk games, educator, primary school teacher | 138 | |||||
1017 | The article shows the need for the formation of assertive behavior of students in the direction of training “State and municipal management” in order to increase confidence, professionalism and competitiveness of the individual. Assertive behavior is considered by many authors to be direct, open behavior that is not intended to harm other people. Despite different approaches to its understanding and definition, researchers identify its key characteristics, such as self-confidence, achieving their goals, making independent decisions, respect for others and for themselves, independent behavior, openness in communication, respect for rights, equal open communication, etc. Based on the analysis of the results of the study obtained according to the methods: “Study of the level of assertiveness” by V. Kapponi, T. Novak, Questionnaire “Autonomy-dependence” G. S. Prygin, “Diagnosis of selfconfidence” B. D. Karvasarsky, it was concluded that during training at the university students do not acquire the necessary knowledge, skills and abilities that contribute to the formation of a sufficiently high level of autonomy, confidence, and, ultimately, assertive behavior for the successful implementation of future professional activities. The negative dynamics of the studied indicators indicates the need to introduce into the learning process at the university a program aimed at the formation of assertive behavior, which will allow to refract the situation for the better and prepare state and municipal employees who are able to manage their emotional behavior, calmly and carefully make decisions, effectively interact with citizens and colleagues, achieve their goals, demonstrate confidence and independence of conduct. Keywords: assertiveness, assertive behavior, confidence, autonomy, students, studying in the specialty of state and municipal management | 137 | |||||
1018 | The article raises the problem of difficulties that are increasingly often encountered by psychologists who provide psychological assistance in educational institutions. The author focuses on the origins of such obstacles and possible ways to overcome them. Based on the analysis and comparison of the texts of various publications (from legal and regulatory documents to the text of special studies), the author’s understanding of the main sources of this kind of difficulties that are increasingly experienced by practical psychologists of education, their possible causes, as well as ways and means of overcoming them are indicated. The study conducted by the author showed that the main causes of difficulties in the work of a practical psychologist of education are: 1) regulatory and legal; 2) methodological; 3) educational; 4) personal (personal-professional). The author’s vision of those ways and means that can help to overcome them is presented. As such, the following stand out: a) the definition of those characteristics of the activities of psychologists that should be the main ones in the Federal State Educational Standards and PS, in regulatory departmental documents on the activities of a teacher-psychologist; b) overcoming the “methodological chaos” in understanding the essence of practical psychology, creating a professional and scientifically correct understanding of the content of both the most practical psychology in the field of education and the main types of work of a practical psychologist of education; c) normative consolidation of the place and role of the individual in this profession, specialty. Keywords: practical psychology, practical psychology in the field of education, causes of difficulties in the work of a practical educational psychologist, personal qualities of a practical educational psychologist, ways of overcoming difficulties in the work of a practical psychologist of education | 135 | |||||
1019 | In connection with the threat of the spread of a new coronavirus in March 2020, all Russian universities had to switch to a distance learning format. The mass transition to a distance format of training has revealed a number of problems and contradictions in the possibilities of implementing higher education programs in a distant form. This required a deep and detailed analysis of different aspects of distance training, the readiness of all participants in the educational process, the availability of material, technical and methodological support. The article considers the issues of organization of Foreign Language adaptation training in a technical university during the COVID-19 pandemic. The author believes that the general objective changes of compulsory distance training process are also typical for Foreign Language adaptation training. The contradictions emerged in this period are revealed on the example of Tomsk Polytechnic University. The article gives proof of the necessity of more in-depth study of the adaptation training mechanisms and principles. The importance of identifying the key points that ensured successful pedagogical support of adaptation course during the pandemic is emphasized. The conclusion is made that the digital transformation of the Russian education system is inevitable, but it is necessary to think about a systematic approach to building a new educational environment. Keywords: COVID-19, digital transformation of education, online training, Foreign Language adaptation training, distance technologies, technical university | 134 | |||||
1020 | Aim: to reveal the nature of the causal relationship between the characteristics of Deficient fear and indicators of actual self-perception. As part of an empirical study of students in self-isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic, an analysis was made using the author’s method of Deficient fear dependencies on the components of actual self-perception for linearity-nonlinearity, and a conclusion was made about the nonlinear nature of these dependencies. All linear correlations between indicators of deficient fear and components of actual self-perception do not exceed 0.25 in modulus, i.e. they are extremely weak, and it is unacceptable to speak about the problem posed from the standpoint of linear models. For two indicators of deficient fear and 26 indicators of actual self-perception, within the framework of the model for quarts of an independent variable, five strong simplest non-linear dependencies were identified, demonstrating a type 1 error, when the correlation is extremely small, even less than the threshold of “significant” values (0.17), and therefore there is no connection within the framework of the linear model of correlation analysis. One dependence demonstrates a type 2 error, when a strong non-linear dependence in the framework of a linear model will be considered by supporters of a “significant” correlation as a “significant” linear relationship (a very weak correlation coefficient of –0.18 exceeds the threshold (0.17) of “significance” in absolute value). Going beyond linear models gives fundamentally new information about the phenomenon of deficient fear under study. The article provides detailed descriptions and interpretations of two of the six found strong dependencies (the rest are presented in the tables), visual graphical representations are considered, as well as their most probable estimates in the traditional approach. Keywords: actual self-perception, deficient fear, linear, non-linear, psychological research, statistical dependence | 134 | |||||
1021 | Introduction. The relevance of the study of the peculiarities of decision-making and manifestation in this process of individual psychological features of personality is indicated. In the study of decisionmaking of specialists and managers, there were high scores on the scales of “Vigilance” and “Hupervigilance”, as well as the use of such a mechanism of psychological protection as “Intellectualization”, which indicates an increased awareness of the consequences in the choice of the decision, the tendency to apply productive behavioral strategies (constructive coping); in decision-making they rely on reason rather than intuitive thinking; when a problem situation arises, they seek certainty in position. In a separate group of specialists and managers, the traits of “over-vigilance” were identified that prevent the process of orientation in a problem situation, because of which the individual uses spontaneous and chaotic behavior and may make mistakes in choosing possible options for action. When studying the decision-making of performers, high scores were noted on the scales “Avoidance” and “Procrastination”, as well as the use of such a psychological defense mechanism as “Denial”, which indicates that when problem situations arise, they tend to use coping strategies, aimed at avoiding difficulties or “postponing” important matters for the following days, which is also expressed in the transfer of responsibility to other people and life circumstances, speaking of bad luck or prejudice on the part of the management team; insufficient assessment of the circumstances, avoidance of difficulties and responsibility, which is also confirmed by the results of the questionnaire aimed at making decisions. Features of decision-making are of interest for further study by modern psychological science, due to the fact that they manifest the individual psychological characteristics of a particular person and the effectiveness of its activities in the production process and other aspects of functioning, including human behavior in a stressful situation. Keywords: features of decision-making, constructive and destructive behavior, psychological defense mechanisms | 133 | |||||
1022 | The article explains the specifics of full-time and distance learning. It distinguishes and describes the characteristic features of both formats. The paper presents the various models of blended learning. As a research task, the author identified an attempt to assess the effectiveness of the introduction of blended learning in the educational process of the college. The article describes the experience of using such forms of learning as “flipped classroom” and “station rotation” in the discipline “Electrical engineering” in the training of mid-level technical specialists. The most significant in the blended learning is qualitative assimilation of knowledge and skills. Quality is achieved by increasing the motivation of students, a variety of forms of organization of training and individual approach to students. The text gives an information on recommendations for methodological materials for students during the organization classes using blended learning technologies. The author concludes that the solution to the problem of introducing blended learning technologies is the organization of a pedagogical workshop for the study of innovative pedagogical technologies. In conclusion, the author proposes a program of a pedagogical workshop. The purpose of the workshop is to improve the qualification of teachers for the effective use of these pedagogical technologies in the educational process. Keywords: blended learning, innovative pedagogical technologies, flipped classroom, station rotation, pedagogical workshop | 127 | |||||
1023 | It is the lack of working memory that is considered as the main reason for the difficulties in mastering mathematics. To overcome difficulties in mastering mathematics, computer trainers of working memory based on mathematical content are offered. If trainers do not have a mathematical component, but are aimed only at improving the functioning of the main components of a person’s working memory (articulation loop, visual-spatial notepad and central administrator), then classes with them do not lead to a noticeable improvement in academic performance, perhaps due to a significant lag behind current program. The computer trainers developed by the author and available on the site workingmemory.ru are aimed at both developing basic computing skills and training working memory. The subject of trainers was determined both on the basis of the author’s own observations and on the basis of an analysis of typical mistakes of USE participants published on the Federal Institute of Pedagogical Measurements website (fipi.ru). At the time of publication, nine trainers have been created and tested. The trainers are available at workingmemory.ru immediately after registration. The paper presents the data of approbation of trainers in the preparation courses for the Unified State Examination and their comparison with the results of studies by other authors. The average time to complete one calculation task is presented, practical recommendations are given. The use of author’s trainers as a tool for developing computational skills, increasing the efficiency of mathematics classes and training the working memory of students is substantiated. Keywords: teaching mathematics, working memory, mental counting, digitalization of education | 127 | |||||
1024 | Modern social conditions impose new requirements on teacher training and encourage to change the content and technology of the professional and educational process at the university, to increase attention to personal and professional development, general culture and erudition of future teachers. The purpose of the scientific review is to analyze and synthesize, generalize and systematize, conceptualize scientific ideas of psychological research aimed at developing prospects and strategies for the development of continuing pedagogical education, new psychological approaches to updating the content, technologies and methods of pedagogical activity and advanced training of teachers, convergence of national educational traditions, innovations and retronovations. The psychological analysis of the most promising studies of the professional activity of a teacher made it possible to draw the following conclusions: the prospects of continuous pedagogical education should be associated with national traditions, with continuity in cultural life, value attitude to a person, polysubject interaction of people, cultural forms of communication based on moral principles, more meaningful cooperation of a teacher and a psychologist, etc. The accumulated global and domestic pre-revolutionary and Soviet experience aimed at optimizing the results of educational activities in schools and universities should be rethought and taken into account at the present stage of education development. These ideas formed the basis of the structural and content model of the new practice of psychological training of teachers developed by us, including target, content (personal, interpersonal, professional), technological, organizational, strategic levels. Keywords: continuous pedagogical education, personal and professional development, systemic personal-developmental approach, convergence of traditions, innovations and retronovations, polysubject community «teacher-student», psychological research, innovative practice of teacher training | 127 | |||||
1025 | The substantiation of the relevance of the anthropological approach in the study of the problems of vocational education has been carried out. The material was the results of theoretical studies of specialists in the ethnography of professions, cultural anthropology, and the theory of education. Their analysis served as the basis for putting forward the humanitarian-anthropological approach as a methodology consistent with the subject of the study of professional education – professional culture, methods and forms of its development. In the domestic cultural and historical tradition, the professions of a doctor, teacher, soldier, policeman, and rescuer belong to the professions of service. This means that for full self-realization in them, a person needs to overcome selfishness and consumerism, to master the values of self-sacrifice and compassion. The transformation of the value foundations of public life, the rejection of the priority of upbringing in the process of education in post-perestroika Russia led to the ambiguous acceptance by young citizens of the modern state strategy aimed at the spiritual and moral development of the younger generation. The idea of repeatedly changing professions has led to the loss of the high value of professionalism. The anthropological turn in vocational education draws attention to the subject of professional education – the development of professional culture. In this regard, the author proposes a humanitarian-anthropological approach as a methodology for her research. On its basis, this concept is clarified as a “culture of the professional community”, anthropological practices are defined as a way of professional education. In the reflexive environment of the event community, there is an understanding of cultural texts that describe the life structure of figures oriented by its values, which contributes to the formation of a professional position. The risks of using this approach are identified, consisting in the inability of modern young people to carry out text work, loss of motivation, refusal to understand the profession as a way of self-realization for life. Higher education is an integral part of adult education, in which theorists substantiate the need for pedagogical support for the search for the meaning of life, which in the national cultural and historical tradition is inextricably linked with the chosen profession. The humanitarian-anthropological approach is defined as a methodology that allows organizing the conditions for the development of the value-semantic sphere of future representatives of the professions of service. Keywords: humanitarian-anthropological approach, professional education, professional culture, professions of service, anthropology of the profession | 125 | |||||
1026 | The virtual space of modern youth includes social networks. Active participation in them leads to dependence on social networks, and it is associated with a number of manifestations of psychological distress. Therefore, the study of dependence on social networks is very important. The purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis about possible links between social media addiction and self-confidence, emotional intelligence, and style of behavior in conflict situations. The article found that the virtual space for a significant number of young Belarusians has already become preferred in communication, entertainment and work, and that boys and girls have negative associations of dependence on social networks with self-confidence and positive associations with dependence on smartphones and with all the factors that shape it. It is shown that it is psychological problems that are the main cause of dependence on social networks. The dependence of young men on social networks is negatively associated with social courage and positively with the “conflict avoidance” style. Boys and girls have completely different connections between social media addiction and emotional intelligence components. These results are new, since neither domestic nor foreign publications have been able to find reliable conclusions about the relationship of dependence on social networks with components of emotional intelligence and behavior in conflicts. The facts obtained testify to the negative impact of the new virtual reality on a number of important socio-psychological parameters of the personality of a modern young person. Keywords: virtual space, addiction to social networks, self-confidence, emotional intelligence, behavior in conflict situations, smartphone addiction, addiction factors, Belarusian boys and girls | 125 | |||||
1027 | A scientific view on the study of professional prospects of teenagers as a psychological system is presented. From the standpoint of the systematic approach, the dimensions of professional prospects have been determined: value-semantic, cognitive, emotional-evaluative, organizational-activity. The value-semantic dimension of professional prospects is a set of value and semantic formations of a person that determine the individual specifics of the process and result of future planning (values, value orientations, motives, personal meanings). The cognitive dimension of professional prospects is represented by a set of expected and planned events in the field of professional activity. The emotional-evaluative dimension is determined by the attitude of the person to the project of his own future, connected with the field of professional development. The organizational-activity dimension is represented by a set of styles, strategies, forms of human behavior in the present, determined by ideas about planned and expected events in the professional sphere. The results of the empirical research have shown that the values of professional activity, health and self-development are the basis for the construction of the career prospects of adolescents. Teenagers focus on planning events in the medium-distant future, a period from one to five years. During this period their professional prospects consist of such planned events as «pass exams», «finish school», «enroll in college/university». Teenagers are positive about the image of a professional future. It is attractive, realistic, stable, diverse, easy for them. Self-organization of the activities of adolescents is in the process of development, in this age period, skills of tactical planning and strategic goal-setting are actively formed. The study showed that the process of designing professional perspectives in adolescence is in the process of formation and modern teenagers cope successfully with the task of planning a professional future. Keywords: professional prospects, adolescence, life prospects, psychological system | 124 | |||||
1028 | Digital transformations in the society influence higher education thus moving it towards the digital format. Digital tools and online resources are becoming an integral part of teaching and learning in and out of the classroom. Educators, however, face difficulties in choosing the most appropriate and effective formats for using these resources due to low awareness of all the advanced online tools and poor command of the English language. The article aims to analyze the options for using interactive online tools in teaching a foreign language based on the experience of the Kazan National Research Technological University (KNRTU). This goal can be achieved by solving the following tasks: 1) analyze and classify available online resources for teaching and learning; 2) identify the most effective formats for using interactive online tools to intensify the teaching and learning of foreign languages by university students. The following methods are used in the article: analysis of online resources and articles describing the use of these resources, and discussions with teachers who teach foreign languages using these resources. The results showed that the online educational resources can be classified into the following groups: MOOCs, LMS-platforms, online conference platforms, interactive boards and interactive tools. The most efficient formats of using interactive tools for teaching foreign languages to university students are interactive flashcards and games with them for introducing new vocabulary, open tests for checking the vocabulary learnt, multiple choice and true/false tests for working with new texts. Hands-on experience of using these formats out of class and in class at KNRTU can be used at other universities. Further research will focus on factors and barriers of using interactive online tools in teaching English at the universities. Keywords: digitalization, online teaching and learning resources, interactive online tools, foreign language teaching and learning, international partnership | 123 | |||||
1029 | The concept “academic skills” is gaining popularity in Russia. However, there are some issues from the point of view of its interpretation into Russian, its similarity to the terms in Russian methodological and pedagogical sciences and its assimilation and acquisition. Hence, it is difficult to determine the place of the concept “academic skills” in the process of training in the system of Russian tertiary education. Methods of theoretical analysis of English-language sources, including academic dictionaries (Collins, Oxford, Webster) have been used, as well as Russian sources in the fields of psychology, didactics and linguistics. Also, methods of comparative analysis, schemas to demonstrate the contents of different meanings of the term “academic skills” have been presented. The article deals with the definitions of the term “academic skills” given in English-Russian and Russian-English dictionaries, as well as with the usage of its. The use of Russian-language analogues of this term is being studied in methodological and pedagogical sciences. The conclusion has been done that in Russian pedagogical and methodological sciences this term can be used as “academic abilities”, “academic skills”, and “academic competencies”. It has also been suggested that it is important to determine a border between these concepts from the point of view of the level of the linguistic competence of students at non-linguistic majors. Keywords: academic skills, academic abilities, academic competencies, speech | 122 | |||||
1030 | To solve the problems of professional self-determination, it is important to identify the interests of pupils, carry out work on career guidance, help determine how to choose a profession and become a professional. Children studying in boarding schools have their own individual characteristics, so traditional vocational guidance programs require adjustment, the use of different forms of work. Relevant is the definition of the content and forms of professional self-determination, through a professional test, which involves the inclusion of a student in professional activities. When using a professional test, not only acquaintance with the content of the future profession occurs, but also the alignment of an individual trajectory of self-development. The study was conducted on the basis of GU TO SRTSN No. 4, Shchekino, Tula Region. The purpose of the study is to study the peculiarities of the organization of professional tests of students in boarding schools. Theoretical, empirical methods and data processing methods are used. The diagnostic program included a questionnaire to identify readiness to choose a profession (V. B. Uspensky), a differential diagnostic questionnaire (E. A. Klimov), “Motives for choosing a profession” (S. S. Grinshpun), “Profession choice matrix” (G. V. Rezapkina), “Communicative and organizational inclinations” (V. V. Sinyavsky, V. A. Fedoroshin). A program of psychological and pedagogical support for professional self-determination of students was compiled and tested using professional tests. The result of the professional tests was an acquaintance with the world of professions in the Tula region, the development of individual characteristics, the definition of preferred areas of work, motives for choosing a profession, gaining practical experience in a specific professional activity. This orientation contributes to the successful choice of the trajectory of further education and the creation of conditions for increasing the readiness of students for professional self-determination, the formation of professionally significant qualities. Keywords: professional self-determination, career guidance, professional trial, individual trajectory, boarding schools | 121 | |||||
1031 | This article is aimed at implementing patriotic project of Tomsk State Pedagogical University “Victory Map”, the main idea of which is the idea of the common contribution of the front and rear to victory in Great Patriotic War. This article for the first time introduces into scientific circulation archival documents proving the contribution of one of the enterprises of the rear industry of Tomsk to victory over the enemy. On the example of the analysis of specially selected office documents, the transition of Tomsk confectionery factory “Red Star” to the military way of life is revealed, when the production of confectionery products for front and rear cedes its leading position to the production of food concentrates that are extremely necessary for front. This article analyzes the conditions of wartime (military mode of operation, lack of electricity, steam, fuel, water and raw materials) and their impact on changing the production structure of the factory, modernizing technological processes, reducing the range of sweet products associated with the search for sugar substitutes and other scarce raw materials. In article, quantitative information about the range of confectionery products (soft sweets, caramel, jam, gingerbread), the dynamics of its production from 1941 to 1945, multiplied by the selfless work of the team, confirms the real contribution of this factory to the overall victory. Within the framework of patriotic project “Victory Map”, this article is a relevant continuation of patriotic themes and can serve as practical material for patriotic project work with Tomsk students and schoolchildren. Keywords: archival document, Great Patriotic War, defense products, confectionery factory “Red Star”, patriotic education | 118 | |||||
1032 | The relevance of the research topic is due to the permanent transformation of the requirements for the quality of labor resources as a reaction of the economic system to the high dynamism of the development of productive forces, which provokes the continuous improvement of the competencies of workers, who are required not only to qualify, but also to be proactive in terms of optimizing the production process. This predetermines the focus of the education system on the formation of future specialists’ competencies of a meta-subject nature, reflecting the ability not only to fix and evaluate ongoing changes with subsequent adaptation to them, but also to make managerial decisions that are adequate to the current situation. The purpose of the study is to assess the competence continuity of various levels of education in the system “school-pedagogical university (bachelor’s degree - master’s degree)”. The article substantiates the concept of competency-based continuity as a qualitative sign of the dynamics of the process of forming these educational results and the results themselves. The introduction of the concept of “competence continuity” allows us to trace the change in the content of acquired skills, competencies at the junction of general and higher education, which ensures the formation of the meta-subject content of the future specialist’s professional readiness. It is also significant that competency-based continuity is not limited to the period of study, but continues in subsequent professional activities, thereby implementing the principle of continuity of education throughout life. The scientific novelty of the study lies in: substantiation of the content of the competency- based continuity of educational programs, due to both regulatory frameworks (FSES, Standards, etc.) and the evolutionary development of the acquired competencies in the course of implementing the professional skills of a specialist; presenting the characteristics of the evolutionary relationship of universal educational activities formed at the level of secondary education and universal competencies of undergraduate and graduate programs (based on educational programs of Tomsk State Pedagogical University). As a result of the study, the existence of competency-based continuity of the universal competencies of undergraduate and graduate programs of Tomsk State Pedagogical University, their logical connection with the universal educational activities formed at school, which indicates the effective organization of the educational process, has been established. Keywords: continuity, competence, competence, educational program, meta-subject | 118 | |||||
1033 | The article outlines the problem of ensuring the orientation of modern general education towards the harmonious development of the individual by achieving balance in curricula between subjects that form the scientific and artistic worldviews is outlined. The necessity of overcoming the underestimation of school subjects of the aesthetic circle in the spiritual formation of the personality is substantiated. The typical features of scientific and artistic knowledge are considered, the significance of each of them in the formation of a holistic picture of the world is substantiated. The definition of the artistic picture of the world as a specific form of reproduction of objective reality in the artistic images of different types of art is given. The ideological aspects of music, its significance in the development of the possibilities of perception and re-feeling of the musical context, in the emotional-intellectual, artistic-creative, spiritual development of children are considered. The data of a questionnaire survey and essays of schoolchildren on the importance of music in their lives, conducted at the end of the seventh year of study, are presented. The presented results make it possible to judge the professional skills of the teacher and the existing system of working with children in a general education school, in which the musical theme occupies a serious and important place in education. Keywords: picture of the world, education, art, music, children, perception, experience, art creation, spirituality | 117 | |||||
1034 | Digitalization of education allows accumulating new experience, improving the methodological support of the educational process and forming the methodological basis of digital didactics. The inclusion of virtual educational laboratories in the educational process is dictated by the peculiarities of the digital educational environment, but it faces some problems: insufficient security of the virtual educational environment due to the lack of technical regulations, lack of a unified methodological approach, imperfection of the regulatory framework. The authors of the study make an attempt to generalize and systematize the experience of introducing virtual educational laboratories into the school system. Approaches to the definition of the concept of “virtual laboratory” as a means and method of scientific knowledge, the main feature of which is the safety of interactive creative experimental activity, are analyzed. A classification of virtual laboratories according to multidimensionality, imitation, form of information presentation, freedom of cognitive creativity, modality of perception is proposed. The requirements for the visualization of objects in virtual educational laboratories are outlined, taking into account the leading (visual) channel of perception of modern schoolchildren. The educational opportunities and some risks of including the tactile channel of children’s perception when learning in virtual educational laboratories are considered. The types of processes that can be simulated in virtual laboratories are considered. A study was made of the effectiveness of identifying graphic objects of varying complexity by primary school students. On the basis of the data obtained, the principles of organizing training in virtual educational laboratories have been developed: the principle of imitation of reality, the principle of scientific character / reliability of data, the principle of a responsible attitude (ethics of training in virtual educational laboratories). Keywords: virtual educational laboratory, classification of virtual educational laboratories, identification of graphic objects by younger schoolchildren, functional literacy | 115 | |||||
1035 | In the context of the ongoing global geopolitical transformations, the training of qualified personnel for industries developing and rebuilding in accordance with the new technological order and the needs of the digital Russian economy is of particular importance. In this regard, it is of particular importance to attract young personnel to the vocational education system and create conditions for the formation of human resources already at the stages of basic general and secondary general education. To solve the problem of the existing personnel shortage, the Federal project «Professionalism» has been developed, one of the goals of which is to popularize and increase the prestige of working professions, including through cooperation between organizations of the secondary vocational education system and students of general education organizations. Ensuring the effectiveness of such cooperation presupposes the presence of a trained teacher mentor and a developed program of pre-professional training for schoolchildren in a sought-after profession. An example of such cooperation is the implementation of the program of preprofessional training of schoolchildren in the professional direction of «Forest Management and reforestation Engineering». The implementation of early professional orientation of schoolchildren in the form of pre-professional training provides not only information about the nomenclature of modern and in-demand professions on the labor market, but also makes it possible to carry out professional tests in promising professions and specialties of regional economic sectors. The potential of the opportunities provided by the platform of the federal project «Ticket to the future» within the framework of the project «Success of every child» of the Passport of the national project «Education» in terms of the development and implementation of the program of early professional orientation of schoolchildren of grades 6-11 of secondary school in the competence «Forest management and reforestation Engineering» is investigated. Keywords: early professional orientation, professional tests, competence of forest management and reforestation engineering, the program of pre-professional training of schoolchildren, the platform of the federal project «Ticket to the future» | 114 | |||||
1036 | The article is devoted to the study of the influence of non-traditional drawing techniques in art lessons on the level of development of creative abilities of children of primary school age. The authors analyzed the main directions in the study of this problem, such as the study of creative abilities and the development of creativity tests, the identification of the level of development of creative abilities of primary school children, the development of non-traditional drawing techniques, as well as the use of non-traditional drawing techniques for the development of creative thinking of primary school students. A key contradiction has been revealed that prompted the authors to study the influence of non-traditional drawing techniques on the development of creative abilities of primary school children. In the course of the study, the conditions for the development of creative abilities of primary school-age children in fine art lessons by means of non-traditional drawing techniques were identified and experimentally tested, technological maps of fine art lessons for students were developed. The results of an experimental study conducted with children of primary school age who showed positive dynamics of the development of creative abilities are presented. The recommendations proposed in the article can be used in pedagogical practice by primary school teachers. Keywords: fine arts, non-traditional drawing techniques, creativity, children of primary school age | 114 | |||||
1037 | In the process of informatization and networkization of the Russian society, the process of formation of a modern national educational system is underway, an integral part of which is the system of training teachers. The article systematizes individual theoretical ideas of the formation of modern pedagogical education. The thesis is proved that the use of modern methods of organizing the educational process and blended learning in professional pedagogical education, in particular, provides an increase in the level of subjectivity of the future teacher, leads to an increase in the flow of information that students need not only to accept and understand, but also process and apply. in future professional activities. The features of the organization of the educational process in a pedagogical university when using a mixed model of organizing the educational process in physical culture and elective courses include: 1. The possibility of conducting training sessions and elective courses in physical culture and online, using the university’s remote portals, which involves independent work of students with consulting support of teachers and evaluation of their work. 2. The use of backup channels and means ensure continuous communication and support for the stability of the educational process. 3. The cyclic construction of educational activities for the study of each topic has a clear algorithm and planned results of each stage of its organization, which determines the possibility of entering individual educational trajectories, including using online learning. 4. A feature of the individual rotation model is the organization of activities at the stages of quasi-independent and independent activities, which changes due to internal differentiation, but becomes more flexible due to the zoning of work stages when using blended learning. The use of blended learning in the process of preparing a future teacher, evaluating the effectiveness of mastering the course, involves the formation of skills for independent work of students, increasing the level of organization and intensification of the educational process, activating the work of faculty and students to update and improve the content and methods of teaching, etc. Keywords: organization, training, future teachers, blended learning, physical education | 110 | |||||
1038 | The article deals with the issue of the formation of knowledge and skills for preparing students at the training sessions of the course of sports improvement “Kettlebell lifting”, taught at the Institute of Physical Culture and Sports of the Tomsk State Pedagogical University. A modern version of teaching theoretical and physical training methods to students of the Institute of Physical Education and Sports using CrossFit elements is presented. CrossFit is a type of physical activity that consists of a high-intensity strength training program. The program is made up of exercises from other sports, such as: kettlebell lifting, weightlifting, powerlifting, gymnastics, athletics and others. This technique is based on scientific and methodological principles and approaches to the process of training and development of strength endurance in kettlebell lifting. The developed methodology consists of the following components: theoretical topics, practical training topics for the development of physical qualities, means of influencing muscle groups, a training program with crossfit elements, exposure doses, work intensity and rest intervals between sets. A wide range of teaching methods are used, both general pedagogical and specific, such as: explanation, conversation, story, discussion, methods of strictly regulated exercises (repeated, variable, uniform, interval, circuit training method); competitive and game methods. The results of the impact of the developed methodology before and after the experiment are presented. The effectiveness of the developed method of teaching students, aimed at the formation of knowledge and skills for the development of physical qualities during kettlebell lifting, has been experimentally proven. Keywords: kettlebell lifting, teaching methods, training sessions, crossfit, theoretical knowledge, practical skills, physical fitness, strength endurance | 110 | |||||
1039 | At the end of the XX – beginning of the XXI century, significant changes are taking place in the domestic language education, which led to a revision of the entire system of teaching foreign languages at all levels of education. Socio-cultural and scientific-pedagogical factors served as a kind of trigger for the modernization and development of approaches to the study of foreign languages. Against the background of rapidly expanding international cooperation in the 1990s, the pedagogical community focused its attention on the development of new approaches to language teaching. A detailed study of the influence of socio-cultural and scientific-pedagogical factors on the development of approaches to teaching foreign languages has been carried out. Concrete examples of the expansion and expansion of intercultural relations between Russia and Western countries after the collapse of the USSR are given. It is stated that rapidly developing international cooperation required people who speak foreign languages. Based on the theoretical analysis of scientific works of teachers, linguists and methodologists, the key ideas of communicative and culturological approaches to teaching foreign languages are characterized. It is concluded that communicative and culturological approaches to the study of foreign languages were designed to optimally promote their rapid assimilation, the development of communicative competence, the acquisition of communication skills with representatives of other countries, the comprehension of the culture of other peoples for productive interaction in various fields of human activity. Keywords: approach to teaching, foreign languages, communicative competence, socio-cultural factors, scientific and pedagogical factors | 109 | |||||
1040 | The article considers the possibility of using methodological potential of concrete poetry for writing development in foreign language teaching at universities. The two-stage experiment of employing concrete poetry texts for teaching writing in German consisted of the reproductive stage and the productive stage. The teaching of creating poetic works was based on “from simple to complex” principle. At the reproductive stage students got acquainted with the genre of concrete poetry: its definition, history, traditions and the most prominent concrete poets. They focused on the original poetic work, imitated its structure. At the productive stage students created poetic works of their own. A survey was conducted among 3d and 4th year students majoring in Linguistics at the Department for the Humanities at Novosibirsk State Technical University. The paper gives recommendations on how to use concrete poetry texts in teaching writing skills at German lessons, provides examples of student’s works. Finally, the key findings are analyzed. The main purpose of the experiment is achieved: the methodological potential of concrete poetry is unleashed. The use of concrete poetry texts makes it possible to improve students’ motivation for writing in a foreign language, to develop creative skills, self-expression and self-knowledge and make writing in a foreign language more expressive and original. Keywords: concrete poetry, development of foreign language written speech, teaching German, development of creative skills | 108 | |||||
1041 | The development of musical training system in the People’s Republic of China (PRC), based on national traditions, both theoretically and practically, from its origins to the era of digital technology, is considered. For this purpose, the theoretical notions of musical professional education in China are systematized in correlation with the main historical stages of the country’s development and in the conditions of its reform. It is shown that modern music education in China dates back to the early twentieth century, when other countries had already formed music schools (in the broadest sense of the word); accordingly, the formation of Chinese musicology and music teaching methods initially relied on foreign traditions, including them in the millennial practical experience of mastering the musical art, accumulated by the ancient civilization. Since the adoption of the Western system of music education, many music courses and teaching methods have remained unchanged for many years. Modern music education places greater demands on the education of the teacher of higher education, the structure of knowledge, cultural development and quality of teaching, including mastery of digital technologies. At present, the level of training of Chinese music teachers is uneven, and it takes a large number of dedicated, hard-working, high-level music teachers to fill the gaps in Chinese music education that are holding back the development of Chinese music. Keywords: music education, digitalization of education, digital technology, traditions of music education in China | 108 | |||||
1042 | The issues of formation of life plans of students staying in late adolescence are considered. The main idea of the study was that the key abilities of life planning are of ageless significance. The purpose of the empirical study was to identify and evaluate the quality of students’ life plans and the possibility of using the planning skills acquired in youth in old age. To do this, it was necessary to identify what elements of planning can and should be mastered in adolescence, so that they allow them to adapt to life after the end of their working career and ensure life satisfaction in old age. The study involved 80 students of Bunin Yelets State University. The experiment and the method of expert assessments were used as research methods. The experts were non-working pensioners aged 65 to 74 years. It was found that the current life plans of students are sketchy, unsystematic and monotonous. In this version, they cannot provide effective preparation for life at other ages. Experts, based on their own life experience, taking into account the mistakes of planning their own life in late adolescence, identified six positions by which it is necessary both to assess the quality of planning life schedules and to specifically form them. It is these positions that were poorly represented or not presented at all in the plans-reports of students. In particular, this is the structuring of personal time; special individual habits; family responsibilities; organization of communication with friends; key events of the week and month; contribution to the organization of their personal space. It is noted that one of the tools for preparing for life in late ontogenesis can be mentoring on the issues of planning one’s life. Keywords: life planning, life strategies, personality of an elderly person, old age, late youth | 107 | |||||
1043 | The analysis of threats to the psychological security of the subjects of the educational process associated with the formation of a new, digital educational environment is carried out. Based on the results of the study, indirect and direct threats associated with activities both in the virtual environment in general and in the digital educational environment in particular are identified and characterized. It is concluded that the security of the digital educational environment lies not only in eliminating these threats, but also in using its capabilities to develop a system of value-semantic regulation of social behavior. The formation of a system of value-semantic orientations can be considered as an effective internal mechanism for ensuring psychological security. The principles of purposeful organization of this environment taking into account the requirements of psychological security are substantiated: assessment of threats associated with the use of digital means and the development of measures to limit them; assessment of the prospects of the planned digital means for personal development; determination, taking into account the identified threats and opportunities, of optimal digital means of organizing the educational environment; development of psychological and pedagogical technologies that meet the characteristics of the selected digital means; provision of conditions for internalization of social values in the process of indirect interaction between the subjects of the educational process. Keywords: educational environment, digitalization, psychological security, personality development, value-semantic regulation of behavior | 106 | |||||
1044 | The need to train future leaders of the National Technology Initiative requires the identification of psychological and pedagogical conditions for creating teams based on the school team. The definition of the term “future leader of the National Technology Initiative” is given, which includes differentiation by levels of the main educational programs. The analysis of methods of overcoming low educational results existing in general educational organizations was carried out and managerial decisions were identified that allow consolidating the team. The main management decisions include: providing a system of actions that define and specify educational goals, develop the motivation of teaching staff to improve educational results; organization of interaction “mentor – young teacher”; organization of pedagogical (methodological, psychological and pedagogical) mutual assistance in the teaching staff; ensuring the interaction of teaching staff (both individual and collective) with the school administration to solve production and personal issues; monitoring the relationship between the dynamics of educational results achieved by students and the remuneration of the teaching staff of the school; organization of conditions for the prevention and rehabilitation of occupational diseases of teachers, including their professional “burnout”; increasing the significance of the results of the work of public associations in social and professional support. The psychological and pedagogical conditions that allow overcoming low educational results include: the development of value-oriented unity, collectivistic self-determination of the individual and effective group emotional identification. Further work is expected to form a favorable socio-psychological climate on the basis of school groups. This work should be comprehensive, purposeful, include coordinated actions of all participants in educational relations. Work to create a favorable psychological climate in the team can take the form of individual counseling, psychological training. Keywords: National Technology Initiative, future leaders, school staff, poor educational results, management decisions | 105 | |||||
1045 | The report provides a comparative analysis of school essays on the topic “Review of a book read” written by sixth graders in 1985, 2005 and 2022. For analysis, the compositions of students from schools 88 (Seversk), 36, 49 schools (Tomsk) were used. A comparative analysis of the essays demonstrates how the reading preferences of Soviet schoolchildren (generation X), teenagers of generation zero (Y) and the modern generation (Z) have changed, and also shows the formation of textual competence among schoolchildren. Soviet schoolchildren loved to read books about exploits and heroism. Favorite authors are Reuvem Fraerman, Arkady Gaidar, Lev Davydychev. Generation zero was interested in adventures, science fiction, horror, children’s romance novels. Favorite authors – Robert Stein, Joan Rowling, John Ronald Ruel Tolkien, Sergey Lukyanenko. Digital children prefer comics, manga and fan fiction. Favorite authors are Ida Iro, Wakui Ken, Koeharu Gotoge, Diana Jones, Cornelia Funke. A comparison of the essays showed that Soviet schoolchildren were most conscientious about the task. The reviews have a clear structure, there is logic, one’s own opinion is expressed. The minus of the reviews is the ideology and the template. Millennial reviews do not have a clear composition, thoughts are expressed chaotically, but there are criticisms and jokes. The writings of digital children are the most concise, they do not contain reflections. Conclusions are presented regarding the prospects of working with teenagers in literature lessons Keywords: textual competence, methods of teaching literature, theory of generations, generation X, millennials, zoomers, digital children, modern teenage literature, reading circle of teenagers, book review | 105 | |||||
1046 | The results of self-assessment of universal and professional competencies, reflexive assessment of their own activities by students in the educational process of which productive educational technologies were designed and consistently implemented in the disciplines of the professional cyccle. The results obtained allow us to assert that students’ self-assessment shows the positive relevance of universal competencies in the implementation of professional cycle disciplines using productive technologies. It is scientifically proved that the use of productive technologies in the disciplines of the professional cycle allows students to fix their positive state within the framework of self-assessment of competencies, which enriches the pedagogical theory of the scientific specialty “General Pedagogy, history of pedagogy and education” in the sections “Quality of education. Pedagogical measurements. Theoretical, methodological foundations for measuring the quality of education” and contributes to the further development of a competence-based approach in engineering education. The author’s diagnostics of self-assessment of students’ competencies in the implementation of disciplines of the professional cycle using productive technologies has been developed. The idea of the possibilities of students’ self-assessment of universal and professional competencies in the disciplines of the professional cycle implemented by productive technologies has been expanded. Keywords: Universal and professional competencies, learning outcomes, competence approach, self-assessment, productive technologies, reflection | 105 | |||||
1047 | The purpose of the study is to determine the specifics of the volume as an integral characteristic of the memory of younger adolescents, taking into account gender. The subject of the study is the features of the development of the volume of various types of memory in boys and girls of younger adolescence. The article analyzes the theoretical provisions describing the specifics of the manifestation of memory processes in the scientific literature, describes the features of the volume of memory in boys and girls in early adolescence. Significant differences in the volume of visual mediated memory in a sample of boys and girls were determined. More pronounced indicators of the studied memory parameters in girls are described. Direct connections between the indicators of the volume of visual mediated and auditory long-term memory, as well as visual long-term and auditory mediated memory were revealed. Direct correlations were found between the indicators of the volume of auditory mediated, auditory long-term, auditory mediated memory. It is proved that the change in the volume indicator of a certain type of memory should be taken into account when predicting possible changes in the volume indicator of another type of memory. The relationships between the indicators of “the volume of auditory long-term memory” and “the volume of auditory short-term memory”, as well as between the indicators of “the volume of auditory long-term memory” and “the volume of auditory mediated memory” were determined on a sample of small children. Correlations between indicators of “auditory longterm memory volume” and “visual mediated memory volume”, as well as between indicators of “auditory long-term memory volume” and “auditory mediated memory volume” were determined on a sample of girls. The severity of the characteristics of memory types in groups of boys and girls with high and low levels of performance discipline is determined. Keywords: memory, younger adolescence, gender differences, types of memory, integral characteristics of memory | 105 | |||||
1048 | Ecological problems are relevant today and confirm the need for environmental education of the younger generation. It is important to form not only knowledge, but also the activity component of environmental culture in order to gradually form a generation of citizens who are not indifferent to environmental problems. An analysis of the content of educational and methodological kits in mathematics and the surrounding world showed that there are deficiencies in this area. Ecological tasks in textbooks are contained either in insufficient quantity or are presented haphazardly. There are practically no tasks aimed at the formation of the activity component of ecological culture. At the ascertaining stage of the experiment, data were obtained confirming the relevance of environmental education. The students of the 4th grade have a poorly formed cognitive component of ecological culture. The directions in the work on the formation of ecological culture in mathematics lessons and in extracurricular activities are highlighted. The work experience in extracurricular activities to create environmental projects is presented. The article deals with the concepts of natural science literacy, environmental education and culture; the analysis of the experience of environmental education in Russia was carried out, the methods, forms, methods of work on environmental education were presented, the features of the selected didactic techniques in the work of specific teachers were highlighted. The analysis of the environmental situation in Tomsk is briefly presented, the main environmental problems are highlighted. The analysis carried out made it possible, on the basis of real data on the work of Tomsk enterprises, to draw up environmental tasks aimed at the formation of natural science literacy. Examples of tasks for the formation of natural science literacy based on the local history material of the Tomsk region are considered. These tasks address various types of environmental problems. Keywords: science literacy, environmental education, mathematics, tasks, elementary school | 105 | |||||
1049 | The study expands the understanding of the role of personal factors in the implementation of creative activity. The novelty of the work is due to the study of the psychological defense mechanisms and barriers to creative activity that arise in the process of students performing creative tasks. When diagnosing psychological defense mechanisms, an integrated approach was implemented that combines the use of a test and the author’s scale of standardized observation at the time of creative activity in a specially organized experimental situation. Then, by the methods of factorial and correlation analysis, the structure of interrelations of personality defense mechanisms, barriers in creative activity and creativity were proved. Students who are characterized by immature psychological defenses (projection and regression) more often note a large number of obstacles in their work. Alternative options for psychological defense during the performance of a creative task were identified, showing varying degrees of effectiveness: students prefer more adaptive mechanisms of compensation or substitution, or a less adaptive mechanism - negation. More mature defense mechanisms (compensation and intellectualization) are accompanied by a higher level of creative characteristics, while more primitive ones (negation and reaction) are accompanied by their decrease. The results obtained can be taken into account when developing technologies for developing the creative potential of students through conscious work with the psychological defense mechanisms and barriers to creative activity. Keywords: creativity, creative activity, defense mechanisms, barriers to creative activity, students | 104 | |||||
1050 | Consideration of the positive and negative aspects of the transformation of educational activities based on the use of its digital technologies and the increasing pace of digitalization of modern society. The expediency of the development of psychological cyber stability of the personality of the subjects of educational activity is substantiated. The authors consider the definition of the psychological cyber stability of a professional personality, its psychological structure, including the reflexive, cognitive, creative, communicative, motivational-volitional, value-semantic components. A description of the conditions and educational technologies for the development of psychological cyber-resilience is given. The targets of the psychological and pedagogical influence that underlie the psychological correction of cyber addictions and other negative phenomena associated with the informatization of modern education are determined. The authors present a proven algorithm for organizing and conducting psychological and pedagogical training aimed at developing psychological cyber-resilience of students’ personalities. Depending on the orientation of the psychocorrective impact, the authors distinguish the following stages of the training: actualization of the problem of self-transformative activity in matters of psychological cyberstability (includes synchronization of activity in the inner psychological world of the individual, in social and cyberontological realities), increasing personal readiness for self-transformative activity (it includes normalization of complex emotional states during the transformation of destructive patterns of behavior; expansion of the range of effective methods of self-support and solving difficulties), teaching the means of assimilation of the experience gained in the process of training work (it includes the formation of skills of purposeful arbitrary management of personal activity, the expansion of the range of knowledge about the ways and techniques of mastering eco-friendly skills of nonviolent inhibition of habitual destructive behavioral stereotypes), recognition and reflection of positive changes in self-educational activity (it includes normalization of negative experiences in cases of mismatch of ideally planned achievements and the reality of self-transformation). Keywords: professional training of specialists, transformation of educational activity, structure of psychological cyber stability of a person, risks of cyber-ontological reality, development of cyber resilience | 103 |