REFORM IDEA OF “FREE EDUCATION” IN THE PEDAGOGY OF WESTERN EUROPE AT THE END OF THE XIX – EARLY XX CENTURIES
DOI: 10.23951/2307-6127-2018-2-146-151
In the modern world, in connection with socio-economic changes, there is a completely logical transformation of public perceptions about the role and importance of education in the development of an individual and the entire state. The society is aimed at the formation of an active, internally free, creative person who will be able to exist and develop in conditions of personal freedom, being strictly oriented to universal values and harmony with the surrounding world. These changes determine the relevance of research in the field of the ideology of free education in Russian and foreign practice. The choice of the period is due to the fact that the turn of the XIX–XX centuries became a turning point in the development of the humanistic paradigm in education. There were such concepts as “pedocentric revolution” and “pedagogy of nonviolence”. M. Montessori, R. Steiner, A. Neill influenced pedagogical thought not only in Europe, but also in the USA, Scandinavia, South Africa. Their work was well known, and their schools themselves were international in character. This period was characterized by an active search for new forms and methods of teaching and upbringing. What, in the end, led to the emergence of experimental schools, later called “new”. At the beginning of the 20th century, a more meaningful development of the theoretical foundations of free education began. All schools of the experimental type, were deeply personal, subjective, tuned to the learner with his educational requests. They were not identical, but they formed the outline of free education.
Keywords: theory of free education, Western Europe, “new schools”
References:
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Issue: 2, 2018
Series of issue: Issue 2
Rubric: REVIEWS
Pages: 146 — 151
Downloads: 932