Morozova Irina Stanislavovna, Tsigichko Elena Aleksandrovna Integral characteristics of memory in boys and girls in early adolescence: correlations of indicators, gender differences // Pedagogical Review. 2023. Issue 6 (52). P. 172-185

The purpose of the study is to determine the specifics of the volume as an integral characteristic of the memory of younger adolescents, taking into account gender. The subject of the study is the features of the development of the volume of various types of memory in boys and girls of younger adolescence. The article analyzes the theoretical provisions describing the specifics of the manifestation of memory processes in the scientific literature, describes the features of the volume of memory in boys and girls in early adolescence. Significant differences in the volume of visual mediated memory in a sample of boys and girls were determined. More pronounced indicators of the studied memory parameters in girls are described. Direct connections between the indicators of the volume of visual mediated and auditory long-term memory, as well as visual long-term and auditory mediated memory were revealed. Direct correlations were found between the indicators of the volume of auditory mediated, auditory long-term, auditory mediated memory. It is proved that the change in the volume indicator of a certain type of memory should be taken into account when predicting possible changes in the volume indicator of another type of memory. The relationships between the indicators of “the volume of auditory long-term memory” and “the volume of auditory short-term memory”, as well as between the indicators of “the volume of auditory long-term memory” and “the volume of auditory mediated memory” were determined on a sample of small children. Correlations between indicators of “auditory longterm memory volume” and “visual mediated memory volume”, as well as between indicators of “auditory long-term memory volume” and “auditory mediated memory volume” were determined on a sample of girls. The severity of the characteristics of memory types in groups of boys and girls with high and low levels of performance discipline is determined.

Keywords: memory, younger adolescence, gender differences, types of memory, integral characteristics of memory

Chaban Elena Anatolyevna, Strikalova Nataliya Vladimirovna Peculiarities of using the professionally oriented graphic tasks for railway students // Pedagogical Review. 2024. Issue 1 (53). P. 32-38

The training of the engineering personnel with a certain set of professional competencies that allow the use of modern scientific achievements and the level of digital technologies in the field of railway transport is of great importance today. The formation of the socalled graphic competency is one of the main general professional and professional competencies to be developed. The possibilities and advantages of the professionally adapted educational graphic tasks for the students of the railway construction specialty in the educational process, which contribute to the formation of the graphic competence, as well as the process of professional development of students, are considered. The examples of the professionally adapted educational graphic tasks for the railway construction specialty are presented.

Keywords: engineering personnel, general professional competencies, graphic competence, professionally oriented tasks, professionally adapted educational graphic tasks, pedagogical support for students

Vereshchagina Anna Germanovna Focus group as a research method in the classroom for studying tasks with multicomponent drawings // Pedagogical Review. 2024. Issue 3 (55). P. 54-63

The article considers the disclosure of the meta-subject essence and significance of tasks with multicomponent drawings in the professional training of students of an educational organization of secondary vocational education based on the results of work in focus groups of students and undergraduates. As a result, the concepts are clarified: “multicomponent drawings”, “tasks with multicomponent drawings”, and also the requirements for tasks with multicomponent drawings and criteria for their classifications are determined. The paper highlights and characterizes 5 stages of work in focus groups; the recorded facts about the use of tasks with multicomponent drawings in the educational process of a technical school and university are described; multicomponent drawings are considered as a way of encoding educational information that stimulates the work of both hemispheres of the brain, allowing you to create non-verbalized images necessary for completing tasks. The tasks under consideration are defined as a synthesis of visual supports and a text field, taking into account the “clip thinking” of a modern student, contributing to the formation of meta-subject results and the emergence of ideas in the form of mental images necessary for successful mastery of competencies within the framework of the profession or specialty received by the student.

Keywords: focus group, research method, tasks with multicomponent drawings, meta-subject results, secondary vocational education, “clip” thinking, “visual” thinking

Dekina Elena Viktorovna, Shalaginova Kseniya Sergeyevna Features of the organization of professional tests of students in boarding schools // Pedagogical Review. 2023. Issue 3 (49). P. 35-41

To solve the problems of professional self-determination, it is important to identify the interests of pupils, carry out work on career guidance, help determine how to choose a profession and become a professional. Children studying in boarding schools have their own individual characteristics, so traditional vocational guidance programs require adjustment, the use of different forms of work. Relevant is the definition of the content and forms of professional self-determination, through a professional test, which involves the inclusion of a student in professional activities. When using a professional test, not only acquaintance with the content of the future profession occurs, but also the alignment of an individual trajectory of self-development. The study was conducted on the basis of GU TO SRTSN No. 4, Shchekino, Tula Region. The purpose of the study is to study the peculiarities of the organization of professional tests of students in boarding schools. Theoretical, empirical methods and data processing methods are used. The diagnostic program included a questionnaire to identify readiness to choose a profession (V. B. Uspensky), a differential diagnostic questionnaire (E. A. Klimov), “Motives for choosing a profession” (S. S. Grinshpun), “Profession choice matrix” (G. V. Rezapkina), “Communicative and organizational inclinations” (V. V. Sinyavsky, V. A. Fedoroshin). A program of psychological and pedagogical support for professional self-determination of students was compiled and tested using professional tests. The result of the professional tests was an acquaintance with the world of professions in the Tula region, the development of individual characteristics, the definition of preferred areas of work, motives for choosing a profession, gaining practical experience in a specific professional activity. This orientation contributes to the successful choice of the trajectory of further education and the creation of conditions for increasing the readiness of students for professional self-determination, the formation of professionally significant qualities.

Keywords: professional self-determination, career guidance, professional trial, individual trajectory, boarding schools

Xin Huili Interpretation of the theoretical origin of “Psychological Education” in Chinese universities // Pedagogical Review. 2023. Issue 3 (49). P. 160-166

As one of the three newly added sub-systems in China’s new era of ideological and political education, psychological education is a distinctive feature of the current mental health education work in Chinese universities, which contains three theoretical foundations: the theory of man’s free and allround development, the development theory of Humanistic Psychology, and the theory of happiness in positive psychology. Only by fully sorting out and excavating its theoretical basis and current value pursuit, and providing a strong theoretical basis for the development of mental health education in universities (hereinafter referred to as “university”), can it truly play a guiding role in practice.

Keywords: Chinese universities, Psychological Education, mental health education, theoretical origins

Tabunov Ivan Aleksandrovich, Smirnova Olga Valeriyevna, Sbortseva Tatiana Vasilevna Qualitative characteristics of students’ involvement in educational activities (in the view of lecturers and students) // Pedagogical Review. 2023. Issue 6 (52). P. 143-153

Currently, students studying at higher educational institutions must meet a number of requirements. This includes involvement in the educational process. Higher school teachers are required to monitor the level of engagement, as well as to form it among students. In the theoretical part of the article, the authors consider approaches to the interpretation of involvement. The authors compare it with terms that are consonant and similar in content. They also conducted an analysis of engagement studies in the framework of organizational, socio-pedagogical and psychological-pedagogical directions. The purpose of the empirical study is to identify the qualitative characteristics of students’ involvement in educational activities in the representation of teachers and students. 80 respondents took part in the study (university teachers and students of 2-5 courses of socio-humanitarian and psychological-pedagogical areas of training). As a result, the authors identified meaningful characteristics of involvement in educational activities. In addition, they identified a number of factors that have a stronger impact on the formation of students’ involvement in educational activities. The scientific novelty of the work is the presentation of the analysis of approaches to involvement, the analysis of the content characteristics of students’ involvement in educational activities, as well as the factors of formation of this type of involvement.

Keywords: engagement, educational activity, students

Simakova Tatyana Aleksandrovna, Karpova Galina Sergeyevna Applied aspects of the problem of the development of psychological cyber resilience in the structure of professional training of specialists // Pedagogical Review. 2023. Issue 6 (52). P. 194-202

Consideration of the positive and negative aspects of the transformation of educational activities based on the use of its digital technologies and the increasing pace of digitalization of modern society. The expediency of the development of psychological cyber stability of the personality of the subjects of educational activity is substantiated. The authors consider the definition of the psychological cyber stability of a professional personality, its psychological structure, including the reflexive, cognitive, creative, communicative, motivational-volitional, value-semantic components. A description of the conditions and educational technologies for the development of psychological cyber-resilience is given. The targets of the psychological and pedagogical influence that underlie the psychological correction of cyber addictions and other negative phenomena associated with the informatization of modern education are determined. The authors present a proven algorithm for organizing and conducting psychological and pedagogical training aimed at developing psychological cyber-resilience of students’ personalities. Depending on the orientation of the psychocorrective impact, the authors distinguish the following stages of the training: actualization of the problem of self-transformative activity in matters of psychological cyberstability (includes synchronization of activity in the inner psychological world of the individual, in social and cyberontological realities), increasing personal readiness for self-transformative activity (it includes normalization of complex emotional states during the transformation of destructive patterns of behavior; expansion of the range of effective methods of self-support and solving difficulties), teaching the means of assimilation of the experience gained in the process of training work (it includes the formation of skills of purposeful arbitrary management of personal activity, the expansion of the range of knowledge about the ways and techniques of mastering eco-friendly skills of nonviolent inhibition of habitual destructive behavioral stereotypes), recognition and reflection of positive changes in self-educational activity (it includes normalization of negative experiences in cases of mismatch of ideally planned achievements and the reality of self-transformation).

Keywords: professional training of specialists, transformation of educational activity, structure of psychological cyber stability of a person, risks of cyber-ontological reality, development of cyber resilience

Mayakova Elizaveta Vladimirovna, Ter-Grigorian Anna Emmanuilovna, Blinova Aleksandra Olegovna Social networks of youth communities: content features // Pedagogical Review. 2024. Issue 2 (54). P. 75-84

Social networks have become a part of our lives and young people are one of the most active groups on these platforms. The digital environment has significantly changed the format of communications, forming a different communicative culture. The authors of the article identified and studied the existing platforms for online communications: VKontakte, Odnoklassniki, Telegram, YouTube, made a list of formal youth communities, defined types, selection and their formation. Youth communities were identified based on expert interviews with the school directors’ assistants on educational work, educational advisers, curators of schools and colleges. They are the Russian Movement of Children and Youth, “The Movement of the First”, the Russian public organization Russian Youth Union, Russian children’s and youth military-patriotic public movement “Yunarmiya”, Russian competition “Big break”, the Russian public movement “Volunteers of Victory”, Mosvolonter, Young inspectors of Russia. This organizations interact with schools and colleges within educational work through the social networks. The authors analyzed the statistical pages of the youth communities in the social networks, in order to identify the features of the content and activities of communities; presented a comparative table of the characteristics of youth communities in the social network “VKontakte” according to the developed criteria. In conclusion, the authors found that “VKontakte” is the most popular social network among youth organizations; messenger «Telegram», basically, completely duplicates its content; the main content reflecting the activities of offline organizations includes news about competitions, promotions, events, posts that highlighting the activity of youth organizations; quizzes and votes have the greatest response from subscribers. The results allow to make conclusions about the possibilities of using social networks in building the educational work in educational organizations.

Keywords: social networks, educational work, youth communities, youth organizations, content

Budyakova Tatyana Petrovna Quality of life plans in late adolescence // Pedagogical Review. 2023. Issue 6 (52). P. 164-171

The issues of formation of life plans of students staying in late adolescence are considered. The main idea of the study was that the key abilities of life planning are of ageless significance. The purpose of the empirical study was to identify and evaluate the quality of students’ life plans and the possibility of using the planning skills acquired in youth in old age. To do this, it was necessary to identify what elements of planning can and should be mastered in adolescence, so that they allow them to adapt to life after the end of their working career and ensure life satisfaction in old age. The study involved 80 students of Bunin Yelets State University. The experiment and the method of expert assessments were used as research methods. The experts were non-working pensioners aged 65 to 74 years. It was found that the current life plans of students are sketchy, unsystematic and monotonous. In this version, they cannot provide effective preparation for life at other ages. Experts, based on their own life experience, taking into account the mistakes of planning their own life in late adolescence, identified six positions by which it is necessary both to assess the quality of planning life schedules and to specifically form them. It is these positions that were poorly represented or not presented at all in the plans-reports of students. In particular, this is the structuring of personal time; special individual habits; family responsibilities; organization of communication with friends; key events of the week and month; contribution to the organization of their personal space. It is noted that one of the tools for preparing for life in late ontogenesis can be mentoring on the issues of planning one’s life.

Keywords: life planning, life strategies, personality of an elderly person, old age, late youth

Ral’nikova Irina Aleksandrovna, Gurova Olga Sergeyevna, Ippolitova Elena Aleksandrovna Professional prospects of modern teenagers // Pedagogical Review. 2023. Issue 6 (52). P. 186-193

A scientific view on the study of professional prospects of teenagers as a psychological system is presented. From the standpoint of the systematic approach, the dimensions of professional prospects have been determined: value-semantic, cognitive, emotional-evaluative, organizational-activity. The value-semantic dimension of professional prospects is a set of value and semantic formations of a person that determine the individual specifics of the process and result of future planning (values, value orientations, motives, personal meanings). The cognitive dimension of professional prospects is represented by a set of expected and planned events in the field of professional activity. The emotional-evaluative dimension is determined by the attitude of the person to the project of his own future, connected with the field of professional development. The organizational-activity dimension is represented by a set of styles, strategies, forms of human behavior in the present, determined by ideas about planned and expected events in the professional sphere. The results of the empirical research have shown that the values of professional activity, health and self-development are the basis for the construction of the career prospects of adolescents. Teenagers focus on planning events in the medium-distant future, a period from one to five years. During this period their professional prospects consist of such planned events as «pass exams», «finish school», «enroll in college/university». Teenagers are positive about the image of a professional future. It is attractive, realistic, stable, diverse, easy for them. Self-organization of the activities of adolescents is in the process of development, in this age period, skills of tactical planning and strategic goal-setting are actively formed. The study showed that the process of designing professional perspectives in adolescence is in the process of formation and modern teenagers cope successfully with the task of planning a professional future.

Keywords: professional prospects, adolescence, life prospects, psychological system

Dmitriyev Sergey Georgiyevich, Popov Gennadiy Nikolaevich Features of the organization of training of future teachers by means of blended learning (on the example of the course “Physical Education”) // Pedagogical Review. 2023. Issue 4 (50). P. 112-119

In the process of informatization and networkization of the Russian society, the process of formation of a modern national educational system is underway, an integral part of which is the system of training teachers. The article systematizes individual theoretical ideas of the formation of modern pedagogical education. The thesis is proved that the use of modern methods of organizing the educational process and blended learning in professional pedagogical education, in particular, provides an increase in the level of subjectivity of the future teacher, leads to an increase in the flow of information that students need not only to accept and understand, but also process and apply. in future professional activities. The features of the organization of the educational process in a pedagogical university when using a mixed model of organizing the educational process in physical culture and elective courses include: 1. The possibility of conducting training sessions and elective courses in physical culture and online, using the university’s remote portals, which involves independent work of students with consulting support of teachers and evaluation of their work. 2. The use of backup channels and means ensure continuous communication and support for the stability of the educational process. 3. The cyclic construction of educational activities for the study of each topic has a clear algorithm and planned results of each stage of its organization, which determines the possibility of entering individual educational trajectories, including using online learning. 4. A feature of the individual rotation model is the organization of activities at the stages of quasi-independent and independent activities, which changes due to internal differentiation, but becomes more flexible due to the zoning of work stages when using blended learning. The use of blended learning in the process of preparing a future teacher, evaluating the effectiveness of mastering the course, involves the formation of skills for independent work of students, increasing the level of organization and intensification of the educational process, activating the work of faculty and students to update and improve the content and methods of teaching, etc.

Keywords: organization, training, future teachers, blended learning, physical education

Fetisova Nelya Veniaminovna, Chekalina Yuliya Anatolyevna Resources of mathematics lessons in primary school for the implementation of environ-mental education // Pedagogical Review. 2024. Issue 1 (53). P. 7-16

Ecological problems are relevant today and confirm the need for environmental education of the younger generation. It is important to form not only knowledge, but also the activity component of environmental culture in order to gradually form a generation of citizens who are not indifferent to environmental problems. An analysis of the content of educational and methodological kits in mathematics and the surrounding world showed that there are deficiencies in this area. Ecological tasks in textbooks are contained either in insufficient quantity or are presented haphazardly. There are practically no tasks aimed at the formation of the activity component of ecological culture. At the ascertaining stage of the experiment, data were obtained confirming the relevance of environmental education. The students of the 4th grade have a poorly formed cognitive component of ecological culture. The directions in the work on the formation of ecological culture in mathematics lessons and in extracurricular activities are highlighted. The work experience in extracurricular activities to create environmental projects is presented. The article deals with the concepts of natural science literacy, environmental education and culture; the analysis of the experience of environmental education in Russia was carried out, the methods, forms, methods of work on environmental education were presented, the features of the selected didactic techniques in the work of specific teachers were highlighted. The analysis of the environmental situation in Tomsk is briefly presented, the main environmental problems are highlighted. The analysis carried out made it possible, on the basis of real data on the work of Tomsk enterprises, to draw up environmental tasks aimed at the formation of natural science literacy. Examples of tasks for the formation of natural science literacy based on the local history material of the Tomsk region are considered. These tasks address various types of environmental problems.

Keywords: science literacy, environmental education, mathematics, tasks, elementary school

Pazukhina Svetlana Vyacheslavovna Approaches to building communication and interaction with modern children in the context of ensuring their psychological safety // Pedagogical Review. 2024. Issue 1 (53). P. 133-140

The relevance lies in identifying new challenges and threats related to the problem of organizing pedagogical communication and educational interaction with children of generation Z. The novelty lies in the fact that the problem of ensuring the psychological security of the individual in the educational environment is viewed from the perspective of two approaches: age-psychological and information-pedagogical. The first of them is associated with taking into account the peculiarities of the Z-generation when building communication and educational interaction with them, the second involves the specification of the use of digital technologies in the educational environment, taking into account the risks and threats that may arise when using them. The traditional general psychological patterns of teaching, development, and education of schoolchildren are being revised in the context of the need to take into account the features of the digital generation and modern conditions for the implementation of the educational process. The importance of increasing the authority of the teacher, the development of his demanded pedagogical abilities, the formation of value relations to children, profession, himself as a constantly developing personality and professional is emphasized. The identified risks and threats constitute a special layer of the educational work of a modern teacher in the context of ensuring the psychological safety of students both in the educational process and beyond.

Keywords: psychological security, educational environment, digitalization in education, threats and risks, pedagogical communication, educational interaction, pedagogical abilities, value relations of teachers

Evseeva Arina Mikhaylovna, Pozdeeva Svetlana Ivanovna Educational communication, engagement and agency as pedagogical phenomena // Pedagogical Review. 2024. Issue 1 (53). P. 79-89

Nowadays the organization of educational communication among students is an important condition contributing to the development of hard, soft and self-skills necessary for future specialists. The phenomenon of educational communication is considered in the context of collaborative activities between a teacher and students at a higher school. The article presents a comparative analysis of educational and pedagogical communication, which is based on the following criteria: purpose, content, positions of participants, methods of organization, results. Educational communication is defined as a collaborative activity of the teacher and students where the teacher’s role is changed from the leader to the partner and the students become active participants of the learning process. The authors focus on the key characteristics of educational communication – engagement and agency, which enable students to be involved in studying and have an influence on the process itself. The conclusion is made that the engagement of the participants in communication is provided by special metateaching methods universal for any academic subject. The prospect of further research is to consider metateaching means and didactic scenarios necessary for organizing educational communication between the teacher and students in order to achieve subject, meta-subject and personal learning outcomes.

Keywords: educational communication, collaborative activities, engagement, agency, educational process

Makeeva Vera Stepanovna, Kulin Aleksey Andreyevich Optimization of didactic communication of a physical education and sports teacher in the context of digital transformation of education // Pedagogical Review. 2024. Issue 1 (53). P. 90-98

The issue of developing a technology for optimizing the resource component of the professional and personal development of a specialist in physical education, which have been updated in connection with digitalization trends in the educational system, is considered. The characteristic of didactic communication in the form of transmission and reception of information between the subjects of the educational and training process, the characteristics of the assimilation of knowledge, motor skills, skills and the formation of a healthy lifestyle are given. The specificity of communication in physical culture and sports classes in the conditions of digital transformation is revealed, which brings changes in the subjects of education at the personal, professional-group and socio-cultural levels. On the part of the teacher of physical culture, this is manifested in the constant updating of their knowledge, tracking changes in the educational needs of students over time, mastering the skills of persuasion, demonstrating their attitude to a healthy lifestyle and physical activity as a factor in the effective life support of a modern member of society. The effective tools of online and offline interaction, didactic content of the educational and training process, which contribute to increasing the level of physical development and physical fitness, the attitude of students to physical activity and interest in classes as a component of the cultural development of students, are described.

Keywords: digitalization of education, physical culture and sports, optimization, teacher of physical education, didactic communication, professional and personal development

Chebotareva Olga Vladimirovna Core pedagogical values as the basis of inclusive teacher competence // Pedagogical Review. 2024. Issue 2 (54). P. 63-74

The article is devoted to the phenomenon of pedagogical values in the projection of inclusive education and their role in the formation of inclusive competence of teachers. The factors of the development of inclusive education and their role in the formation of inclusive competence of teachers are studied. The paper highlights the trends in the development of inclusive education, which are caused by an increase in the number of disabled children and awareness of the features of the inclusive process by participants in educational relations. The author focuses not only on the need to provide opportunities for joint education of students with special needs and normotypic children, but also on the effectiveness of the inclusive process. The results of a survey of teachers of secondary schools of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug conducted to identify difficulties in implementing and adapting the learning process of schoolchildren in the conditions of inclusion are presented. The place of the value system in the process of formation of inclusive competencies of teachers is considered. The classification of pedagogical values is adapted in accordance with the principles of inclusive education. The system of interrelation of educational value orientations and competencies formed by teachers in the process of understanding, awareness and acceptance of the principles of inclusive education is described. The paper presents the classification of values in the projection of inclusive education and is compared with inclusive competencies. The interrelation between pedagogical values that are formed when working in conditions of inclusion and inclusive competencies that are developed by teachers, guided by the relevant principles and applying values in practice, is indicated. The author focuses on the difficulties that arise in the process of applying practical skills of inclusive competencies by a teacher in the educational process.

Keywords: inclusive education, pedagogical values, inclusive competence, students with disabilities

Korytova Galina Stepanovna Psychological transformation of the student’s personality in the conditions of digitalization of education // Pedagogical Review. 2024. Issue 2 (54). P. 159-167

In the conditions of digitalization of the modern education system, the psychological development and transformation of the student’s personality takes place. Problematic issues of digitalization of education are among the most actively discussed in the modern psychological and pedagogical community. The study of specific psychological characteristics of the personality of representatives of the digital generation (modern schoolchildren) is very relevant, since psychological scientists today are actively discussing how to build effective strategies for interpersonal communication and behavioral interaction with the digital generation. Global digital improvisation brings many new opportunities to the educational process, but its consequences also pose serious social and psychological problems. Digitalization of education, the use of the latest digital educational technologies, the student’s stay in a virtual environment have a significant impact on the psychological development of the child, lead to transformations of his behavior, the formation of a specific digital personality. The article presents the results of an empirical study of the ideas of teaching staff about the personal and behavioral characteristics of modern students. The results of the prototypical analysis of empirical data obtained during a remote survey of practicing teachers allow us to conclude that the modern student, as well as his personal properties and individual psychological characteristics, are statistically reliably associated with the attributes of digitalization and digital space. It is shown that modern students have the properties and qualities inherent in representatives of the digital generation.

Keywords: digitalization, digital education, digital learning, digital educational technologies, digital generation, virtual educational environment, psychology of digitalization

Mititsina Elena Aleksandrovna Psychological defense mechanisms of students when performing creative tasks // Pedagogical Review. 2023. Issue 5 (51). P. 175-186

The study expands the understanding of the role of personal factors in the implementation of creative activity. The novelty of the work is due to the study of the psychological defense mechanisms and barriers to creative activity that arise in the process of students performing creative tasks. When diagnosing psychological defense mechanisms, an integrated approach was implemented that combines the use of a test and the author’s scale of standardized observation at the time of creative activity in a specially organized experimental situation. Then, by the methods of factorial and correlation analysis, the structure of interrelations of personality defense mechanisms, barriers in creative activity and creativity were proved. Students who are characterized by immature psychological defenses (projection and regression) more often note a large number of obstacles in their work. Alternative options for psychological defense during the performance of a creative task were identified, showing varying degrees of effectiveness: students prefer more adaptive mechanisms of compensation or substitution, or a less adaptive mechanism - negation. More mature defense mechanisms (compensation and intellectualization) are accompanied by a higher level of creative characteristics, while more primitive ones (negation and reaction) are accompanied by their decrease. The results obtained can be taken into account when developing technologies for developing the creative potential of students through conscious work with the psychological defense mechanisms and barriers to creative activity.

Keywords: creativity, creative activity, defense mechanisms, barriers to creative activity, students

Makarova Julia Alexandrovna Methodological potential of the concrete poetry for development of written speech in foreign language teaching // Pedagogical Review. 2023. Issue 3 (49). P. 51-57

The article considers the possibility of using methodological potential of concrete poetry for writing development in foreign language teaching at universities. The two-stage experiment of employing concrete poetry texts for teaching writing in German consisted of the reproductive stage and the productive stage. The teaching of creating poetic works was based on “from simple to complex” principle. At the reproductive stage students got acquainted with the genre of concrete poetry: its definition, history, traditions and the most prominent concrete poets. They focused on the original poetic work, imitated its structure. At the productive stage students created poetic works of their own. A survey was conducted among 3d and 4th year students majoring in Linguistics at the Department for the Humanities at Novosibirsk State Technical University. The paper gives recommendations on how to use concrete poetry texts in teaching writing skills at German lessons, provides examples of student’s works. Finally, the key findings are analyzed. The main purpose of the experiment is achieved: the methodological potential of concrete poetry is unleashed. The use of concrete poetry texts makes it possible to improve students’ motivation for writing in a foreign language, to develop creative skills, self-expression and self-knowledge and make writing in a foreign language more expressive and original.

Keywords: concrete poetry, development of foreign language written speech, teaching German, development of creative skills

Galkina Tatyana Vasilyevna Project “Victory Card”: sweet products of Tomsk Confectionery Factory “Red Star” during Great Patriotic War // Pedagogical Review. 2023. Issue 3 (49). P. 78-85

This article is aimed at implementing patriotic project of Tomsk State Pedagogical University “Victory Map”, the main idea of which is the idea of the common contribution of the front and rear to victory in Great Patriotic War. This article for the first time introduces into scientific circulation archival documents proving the contribution of one of the enterprises of the rear industry of Tomsk to victory over the enemy. On the example of the analysis of specially selected office documents, the transition of Tomsk confectionery factory “Red Star” to the military way of life is revealed, when the production of confectionery products for front and rear cedes its leading position to the production of food concentrates that are extremely necessary for front. This article analyzes the conditions of wartime (military mode of operation, lack of electricity, steam, fuel, water and raw materials) and their impact on changing the production structure of the factory, modernizing technological processes, reducing the range of sweet products associated with the search for sugar substitutes and other scarce raw materials. In article, quantitative information about the range of confectionery products (soft sweets, caramel, jam, gingerbread), the dynamics of its production from 1941 to 1945, multiplied by the selfless work of the team, confirms the real contribution of this factory to the overall victory. Within the framework of patriotic project “Victory Map”, this article is a relevant continuation of patriotic themes and can serve as practical material for patriotic project work with Tomsk students and schoolchildren.

Keywords: archival document, Great Patriotic War, defense products, confectionery factory “Red Star”, patriotic education

Gilemkhanova Elvira Nurakhmatovna Types of subjective riskogenicity of students in the context of psychological resilience to the sociocultural risks of the educational environment // Pedagogical Review. 2023. Issue 4 (50). P. 153-161

The relevance of the study is related to the increasing cases of various destructions in the interaction between students (bullying, cyberbullying, addictive behavior, armed attacks), which are considered as variants of students’ maladjustment as a result of deep sociocultural transformations in society. The purpose of the study is to present the author’s classification of the types of subjective riskiness of students based on the analysis of their psychological resistance to the socio-cultural risks of the educational environment of the school and to describe them in the context of personal characteristics. The study sample consisted of 3232 students of secondary schools of the Republic of Tatarstan aged 12 to 16 years. Students who voluntarily agreed to take part in the study filled out in writing a bound questionnaire, which included the author’s methodology “Index of socio-cultural safety of a schoolchild” and “R. Cattell’s 14-factor personality questionnaire”. The study was conducted anonymously, the respondents were required to indicate their age and gender. Statistical research methods are cluster analysis, comparative analysis (Student’s t-test), descriptive statistics. The subjective riskogenicity of students is considered from the standpoint of the problems of psychological resistance to the sociocultural risks of the educational environment, which determine the complexity of interaction in the “subject-contextual” system of the educational environment. The author’s typology of subjective riskiness of students is presented: vulnerable type, disintegrated type, maladaptive type, autistic type, adaptive type. The specifics of students’ personal characteristics are described depending on the type of their subjective riskiness. Conclusions: the hypothesis was confirmed that students with problems of psychological stability, constituting a certain type of riskiness (autistic type, disintegrated type, maladaptive type, vulnerable type), in contrast to the adaptive type, have characteristic personality traits that cause the complexity of interaction in the “subjectively -contextual” system of the educational environment. The maladaptive type is distinguished by impatience and the desire to dominate. The disintegrated type characterizes social courage and reduced sensitivity to threats. The vulnerable type is characterized by depression, anxiety, sensitivity to acceptance in the reference group, increased frustration, and the autistic type of students is characterized by reduced responsibility, determination and self-control. Practical application of the results. Identification of the type of subjective riskiness of students opens up the possibility for the individualization of the educational process and the implementation of timely preventive measures to prevent the socio-psychological maladjustment of children and adolescents.

Keywords: safety of educational environment, sociocultural risks, type of subjective riskiness, socio-psychological vulnerability, socio-psychological disintegration, virtual autism

Volchkova Irina Vladimirovna, Votyakova Irina Viktorovna, Vorobiyeva Ekaterina Sergeyevna Non-standard employment as a driver of self-education in the context of human potential development // Pedagogical Review. 2023. Issue 5 (51). P. 90-101

The issues of the influence of the phenomenon of non-standard employment on the involvement of the employed population in the practice of self-education are considered. A brief analysis of indicators that indirectly characterize the dynamics of the scale of non-standard employment in Russia is presented. Russian and foreign approaches to the classification of non-standard employment are shown. Attributive characteristics of non-standard employment are systematized. Based on the survey, the hypothesis was confirmed that workers with signs of non-standard employment have a higher level of involvement in self-education practices to develop professional competencies. A number of conclusions are made, in particular, that nonstandard employment for many today acts as a driver of internal self-organization, building a system of actions aimed at the conscious independent acquisition of knowledge, skills and abilities in accordance with emerging professional needs. The methods of theoretical and comparative analysis were chosen as the methodological basis of the study; methods of statistical analysis; online survey using CAWI technology; content analysis of materials presented in open access databases. The materials of the study were Rosstat data, EWCS materials, materials of the International Labor Organization, materials of the survey, as well as documents of the strategic development of the Russian Federation.

Keywords: non-standard employment, labor market, continuous education, self-education, competencies, human potential

Ershova Tatyana Vladimirovna, Shmyrova Darya Evgenyevna, Petrova Elena Yuryevna Organization of phenological observations in geography at school // Pedagogical Review. 2024. Issue 2 (54). P. 26-35

The problem of the introduction of phenological observations in school is considered. The basic terms of phenology are given. A review of the literature on the use of phenological observations in agriculture is carried out. The history of phenological observations in Russia and Tomsk is described. The state of phenology in Russia and Tomsk at the beginning of the XXI century is described. The authors have developed 15 indicators of observations of phenological phenomena in Tomsk for the spring period. A comparative analysis of their own phenological observations for the period from 2021 to 2023 with the results of previous years by other authors is given. The importance of popularization of phenological observations among schoolchildren is actualized. The content of school geography textbooks is analyzed for the presence of phenology tasks in them. Methodically developed and conducted four classes at school in the section “Phenology”, which are aimed at the formation of cognitive universal learning activities and the development of motivation for research activities. The ways of forming students’ skills of observing seasonal changes in nature during scheduled and extracurricular geography classes are shown. It describes the participation of one of the authors of the article in the development of tasks for the Regional phenological competition “Nature Calendar” in the Tomsk region. 32 people from Tomsk, Pervomaisky, Molchanovsky, Chainsky, Kargasoksky, Verkhneketsky region, as well as from the city of Strezheva took part in the “Nature Calendar” competition. The purpose of the article is to popularize phenological observations among schoolchildren of the Tomsk region.

Keywords: phenology, phenological phenomenon, phytophenology, zoophenology, phenological phases, phenological dates, phenological interval, phenological indicator, nature calendar, cognitive universal educational activities, research activities of schoolchildren, Tomsk

Volchkova Irina Vladimirovna, Sukhanova Elena Anatolyevna, Gruznykh Svetlana Nikolaevna Development of human potential as an actual context for the transformation of the education system in Russia // Pedagogical Review. 2023. Issue 6 (52). P. 122-133

The issues of human potential development as an important task of modern society, including the education system, are considered. The content of the strategic planning documents of the Russian Federation in the field of human development is disclosed. The essential-content characteristic of the category “human potential” is generalized. An expert opinion on the role of education in the development of human potential is indicated. A selective ranking of countries by the level of human development and education is presented. The strategic priorities of Russian universities in the field of sustainable development and human development are analyzed. It is shown that universities have a unique opportunity to become innovators who model a new strategy for the country’s sustainable development, since it is they who make a significant contribution to sustainable regional development, shape society, and train agents of change. A number of conclusions are made, in particular, that the national policy in the field of human development is currently moving to a qualitatively new level. There is a systematization of goals, tasks and resources. Universities are actively involved in initiatives aimed at accelerating the achievement of the UN SDGs, promoting ESG values, while strengthening their positions as key actors of change towards sustainable development. The demand for specialists who are able to put into practice the principles of sustainable development in various areas of the national economy is growing significantly. In this regard, universities are faced with the task of preparing graduates not only with the necessary set of competencies, but also with a formed understanding of new values in the context of the sustainable development of society, the central element of which is a person. The research methodology was based on certain provisions of the concept of human potential, outlined in the works of leading foreign and Russian scientists. The study uses methods of theoretical and comparative analysis; content analysis of documents, as well as materials presented in open access databases. The materials of the study were documents in the field of human development of the United Nations, UNESCO, the World Bank, as well as documents on the strategic development of the Russian Federation; programs and development strategies of a number of Russian universities.

Keywords: human potential, education system, transformation of the education system, strategic planning documents, human development level, strategic priorities, sustainable development, andragogical practice, labour market

Goncharova Tatyana Aleksandrovna Using memoirs in teaching Regional History at school // Pedagogical Review. 2024. Issue 2 (54). P. 45-52

The problems of teaching regional history at school are actively discussed by the pedagogical and scientific community. The article focuses on the possibilities of using memoir texts of residents of the Tomsk region in teaching regional history. The general characteristics of the situation concerning the educational and methodological support of teaching regional history are presented. It is emphasized that a full study of regional history is impossible without referring to the level of the oblast, acting as a link with local history. Considering that there are currently no educational and methodological materials on the history of the Tomsk region, emphasis is placed on historical sources that can be included in the anthology or collection of documents that are an obligatory part of the educational and methodological complex. The collection “I am telling you, my dear ones, a true story” is being considered, in which the memoirs of residents of the Tomsk region are published. The characteristic of the narratives contained in it is given. The advantages of involving the collection into the educational process at school are revealed. The appeal to the collection will help the teacher to demonstrate one of the leading features of modern historical science – interest in the “little man”, which arose in connection with the development of microhistoric approaches in historical research, to show the potential and uniqueness of family archives. It will allow schoolchildren to more seriously comprehend the diversity of the historical and cultural heritage of the Tomsk region. The informative value of the memoirs presented in the collection will be useful in the study of the following sections on the history of Russia: “The Russian Empire in the XIX – early XX centuries” (themes “The Ethno-cultural image of the Empire”, “National-religious features”), “Soviet society in the 1920s-30s” (themes “The USSR in 1929–1941: “Stalinist Socialism”, “Cultural space”), “The Great Patriotic War. 1941–1945”, “The apogee and crisis of the Soviet system. 1945–1991” (theme “Late Stalinism” (1945–1953)).

Keywords: Regional History, educational and methodical complex, anthology, memoirs, Tomsk region

Leontyev Eduard Petrovich, Davydova Evgeniya Anatolievna, Nikolayev Alexander Konstantinovich The use of language material on the example of Russian proverbs in Mongolian textbooks of the Russian language for grades 7–9 in secondary schools in Mongolia // Pedagogical Review. 2023. Issue 6 (52). P. 32-41

In this article, an analysis of the use of Russian proverbs in Russian language textbooks “Russian language” for 7-9 classes of general education schools in Mongolia is given. The content side of the textbooks is revealed, which determines the relationship between grammatical and linguistic material. A brief description of the textbooks is given in terms of structure and sources used. Determined all proverbs according to thematic group, corresponding to those tasks in the textbook and methodical guide for the teacher of the Russian language. Emphasis is placed on the functional use of Russian proverbs at the initial stage of teaching Russian as a foreign language, and a selection of examples of the use of proverbs is carried out in accordance with their thematic affiliation, type of task and methodological recommendations. The inconsistencies in the choice of proverbs as language material for Russian language textbooks are determined on the basis of generally accepted criteria in the methodology of teaching Russian as a foreign language. Some recommendations are given for working with proverbs when teaching Russian as a foreign language, in particular, for using them in different types of work orally (presentation, explanation, examples of synonymous Mongolian proverbs, translation into Mongolian).

Keywords: Russian textbook, Russian language, Russian as a foreign language, Russian language teaching, proverb

Sedelkina Yuliya Georgiyevna, Kanaeva Kseniya Valeryevna, Makarova Tatyana Dmitriyevna Online training of secondary school graduates for the State Unified Exam in English (parts “Speaking” and “Writing”) // Pedagogical Review. 2024. Issue 2 (54). P. 36-44

The article discusses the online training of secondary school leavers for the oral and written parts of the State Unified Exam in English (sections “Speaking” and “Writing” respectively). A brief description of the examination tasks, taking into account the changes made in 2022-2023, is given. The concept of “distance learning”, its advantages and disadvantages, the main forms of its implementation in the training of language production, as well as the comparison of digital tools used for distance training for the Exam are presented. Scientific novelty of the research consists of (a) typical problems that teachers and students face preparing for the Exam in a distant format; (b) examinees typical mistakes in open-type tasks of the Exam; (c) stages of the online training for (1) the oral and (2) written (Writing) parts of the Exam, as well as (3) the use of social networks by school-leavers are discussed. The findings showed that tasks “An oral thematic monologue statement based on a plan” and “An extended written statement based on a table / diagram)” cause the greatest difficulties. As for the use of social networks for the purpose of foreign language learning, the vast majority of respondents reported having such experience and named Telegram© the most popular service. Also, the analysis of average results of individual tasks completion along with typical mistakes made by examinees in the oral part of the Exam in 2020-2021 is provided. Among them are errors associated both with a low level of communicative and linguistic competences, and with weak meta-subject skills. On the basis of the data obtained, the stages of online preparation for the Exam tasks using the services of Flipgrid© (preparation for the oral part) and Telegram© (preparation for the “Writing” section) were identified. These include: (1) the development of linguistic competence by activation of students’ lexical and grammatical knowledge, (2) work on the criterion “performing communicative task”, (3) the use of audio recordings of students’ answers, (4) maintaining emotional and visual contact during on-line conversations, (5) the use of verbal and visual supports in the construction of oral responses.

Keywords: English, productive speech, State Unified Exam, speaking, writing, distant format, Flipgrid©, Telegram©

Pfettser Alena Alekseyevna, Yanitskiy Mikhail Sergeyevich, Seryy Andrey Viktorovich Principles of designing a digital educational environment, meeting the requirements of psychological security // Pedagogical Review. 2023. Issue 5 (51). P. 157-164

The analysis of threats to the psychological security of the subjects of the educational process associated with the formation of a new, digital educational environment is carried out. Based on the results of the study, indirect and direct threats associated with activities both in the virtual environment in general and in the digital educational environment in particular are identified and characterized. It is concluded that the security of the digital educational environment lies not only in eliminating these threats, but also in using its capabilities to develop a system of value-semantic regulation of social behavior. The formation of a system of value-semantic orientations can be considered as an effective internal mechanism for ensuring psychological security. The principles of purposeful organization of this environment taking into account the requirements of psychological security are substantiated: assessment of threats associated with the use of digital means and the development of measures to limit them; assessment of the prospects of the planned digital means for personal development; determination, taking into account the identified threats and opportunities, of optimal digital means of organizing the educational environment; development of psychological and pedagogical technologies that meet the characteristics of the selected digital means; provision of conditions for internalization of social values in the process of indirect interaction between the subjects of the educational process.

Keywords: educational environment, digitalization, psychological security, personality development, value-semantic regulation of behavior

Shchigartsova Natalya Yuryevna Development of the pedagogical system of a preschool institution in modern conditions // Pedagogical Review. 2024. Issue 2 (54). P. 53-62

The article is devoted to the problem of development of the pedagogical system of a modern kindergarten in the context of openness and innovation. The synergistic effects of interaction with partner organizations are considered - improving the quality of education, the level of professional development of teachers. The essential characteristics of the concept of «open pedagogical system of a preschool educational institution» and its components are presented: the content of education, the role and functions of a teacher, an innovative educational environment, as well as a study of the readiness of teachers to create an innovative educational environment, building an educational process that takes into account the views, initiatives of the child, and the parent is included as a co-teacher and an equal participant in the activity. The material was a survey among educators of MADOU № 13 in Tomsk, educators-listeners of advanced training courses «Modern technologies in the professional activities of an educator» as part of the implementation of an additional professional program on the basis of the Tomsk State Pedagogical College, 3rd year students of the Tomsk State Pedagogical College studying in the specialty «Preschool education» with the qualification «Educator of preschool children». The results of diagnostic work to identify the difficulties of educators in working in an open pedagogical system became the starting point in the development of a modular program for the development of a teacher-educator, including progressively more complex educational tasks and an action plan to eliminate the deficits of a particular teacher. The article emphasizes the importance of new trends in the development of a modern kindergarten, associated with the revision of the system of preschool education. It is concluded that only a dynamic open pedagogical system of a modern preschool institution is capable of ensuring harmonious education and diversified development of the child’s personality.

Keywords: kindergarten, preschool, development of professional competencies, intellectual education, open pedagogical system, components of an open pedagogical system, preschool education, innovative educational environment, individualization of educational activities

Kuryanovich Anna Vladimirovna Education in Russian in a Kenyan secondary school: main issues of methodological support // Pedagogical Review. 2023. Issue 5 (51). P. 58-69

The issues of designing education in Russian in a Kenyan comprehensive school are considered in the aspect of organizing linguodidactic support. The goal and objectives of this activity are formulated, the complicating and enabling factors are analyzed, the stages in the work of a specialist in the implementation of subject education for Kenyan schoolchildren using the resources of the Russian language as part of general education, correlating with the periods of preparation in primary, secondary and high school, are highlighted. It is emphasized that interest in the problem is determined by the steady growth of the importance of multilingual and multicultural education in the modern world. The proposed approach, built on the basis of the achievements of modern ethnolinguodidactics, ethnopedagogy and methods of teaching Russian as a foreign language, is based on the priorities of the external state educational policy related to the promotion of a positive image of Russia in the modern international arena, including in the countries of the African continent, by means of the national language and national culture.

Keywords: multicultural educational space, Kenya, secondary school, Russian as a foreign language, ethnolinguodidactics, Kenyan linguistic culture

Kudinova Olga Aleksandrovna Development of a questionnaire on implicit theories of education // Pedagogical Review. 2024. Issue 1 (53). P. 99-106

The results of the development and psychometric testing of the questionnaire of implicit theories of education are presented. Implicit theories are considered by many researchers as the fundamental basis for organizing the knowledge of the world by the subject and systematizing individual experience. Their study allows us to determine the system of the subject’s relationship to reality, his ideas about it and behavioral models determined by the content of these theories. Implicit theories have a different subject orientation, being included in various aspects of an individual’s life. Specific activity contributes to the formation of characteristic implicit theories. In this sense, implicit learning theories are part of the educator’s mindset. Based on the theory and practical material of studies of implicit theories of various nature, the questionnaire of implicit theories of education reveals new opportunities for the development of the concept of implicit theories in the field of educational psychology and pedagogy. Within the framework of the study, the implicit theories of education that function in the minds of students of a pedagogical profile of training are described. At the analysis stage, four pedagogical concepts were identified, which formed the basis for the development of the questionnaire. These concepts represent the historically established principles of education, dragged into real pedagogical practice. The development of the questionnaire confirmed the validity of the four-factor model for describing implicit theories of education, which substantially corresponds to the selected educational concepts. Additional methods for measuring validity showed results consistent with the data of the developed questionnaire. It is shown that students of pedagogical training profiles have specific and differentiated ideas about the educational process. The prospects for further use of the developed questionnaire are presented.

Keywords: implicit theories, teacher’s thinking, questionnaire of implicit theories, education, psychological and pedagogical concepts

Skripko Zoya Alekseyevna, Neradovskaya Olga Ramazanovna, Lopatkin Vladimir Mikhaylovich Development of the creative potential of the future teacher in the process of professional training (on the example of teaching natural sciences) // Pedagogical Review. 2023. Issue 6 (52). P. 106-112

The issues of the development of the creative potential of bachelors studying under the programs of the natural science and humanities profiles of the pedagogical university are considered. The ideas and approaches used by the authors are presented on the example of teaching physics and natural science. The purpose of the study is to determine the possibilities of developing the creative potential of a future teacher in the process of teaching natural sciences at a pedagogical university. With the help of an interdisciplinary approach in teaching, a connection is established between specific disciplines of natural science and humanities training profiles. According to the authors, this ensures the integrity of education, allows students to successfully form a general picture of the world. Special integrative author’s tables on various topics, compiled taking into account the implementation of an interdisciplinary approach, are described. They systematize the material on certain sections of natural science knowledge and provide the most famous cultural and historical events related to a certain time period. The use of integrative tables allows for an interdisciplinary approach, the integration of humanitarian and natural science knowledge. Tasks are offered for students of various faculties, taking into account the specifics of their future profession, which contributes to the creation of a free environment that stimulates the creative activity of the individual.

Keywords: creative potential, interdisciplinary approach, professional training, future teacher

Vernigora Olga Nikolaevna, Pervushina Olga Vasilyevna Individual educational trajectory as a factor in student training in the direction of “Choreographic Art” // Pedagogical Review. 2024. Issue 1 (53). P. 47-53

The article discusses the basic principles of the organization of methods and techniques for building an individual trajectory of education in the process of preparing a choreographer student in the direction 52.03.01 “Choreographic art”. The authors focus on the actualization of this problem in the context of graduate training in artistic specialties at the University of culture. The angle of consideration of this problem is determined by the personalistic approach as a way of centered interaction between a teacher and a student, which is based on partnership determined by building an individual trajectory of student development in the context of the educational environment of the university. The individual trajectory of education is understood by the authors as a step-by-step process of movement projected by the department from the goals to the results of mastering professional competencies and the formation of a graduate’s personality as a subject of artistic, creative and pedagogical activity determined by the motivation for further independent growth. According to the authors, the educational environment of the University of culture should be formed as meeting the strategy of student-centricity – the defining vector of training in the areas of artistic profile. The features of achieving professional goals and objectives of the educational program “Choreographic art”, orientation (profile) “Pedagogy of modern dance” are revealed: pedagogical, creative and performing, choreographic and staged. The principles of designing and implementing an individual trajectory of education in this direction are formulated.

Keywords: student-centered, personality-oriented approach, choreographic education, modern dance, individual development trajectory, personal and professional growth, professional environment, employer

Grishaeva Anna Valeriyevna Pedagogical design as a way to enhance the learning process // Pedagogical Review. 2024. Issue 2 (54). P. 113-121

The use of new digital tools in education requires a revision of pedagogical approaches and developing of new academic programs. The article discusses the most important direction of Russian education, its features and degrees of digitalization to transform learning process. The raised question is about finding new ways of organizing pedagogical practice. One of these ways is pedagogical design that allows creating educational products to improve the quality. The author analyzes the experience of using pedagogical design in Russian and foreign universities. The definition if classified as a process, a branch of scientific knowledge and technology by various authors in the pedagogical literature. The author deduces the definition of pedagogical design as an innovative way to design educational programs and courses. The lists of model and features are emphasizes to be paid attention to by the developers of programs and courses. In addition, the article notes the basic principles for creating competitive educational programs and courses in the context of the modern educational paradigm. The potential of pedagogical design is revealed in modern conditions of educational digitalization. An analysis is made of the students’ learning activities, corresponding to the nine steps of R. Gagne’s learning and their combinations when building a training course. Examples are given on the material of the training course “Foreign Language” for students majoring in Law. In conclusion the author highlights the role of pedagogical design as a major factor to organize successful teaching and learning.

Keywords: digital transformation, education process, pedagogical design, pedagogical models, designing, learning activities

Kotyurova Irina Avramovna, Safonov Georgiy Romanovich Longitudinal studies of language errors based on a German-language learner corpus // Pedagogical Review. 2024. Issue 1 (53). P. 54-64

In the age of digitalization and the active spread of corpus technologies in linguistic education, linguodidactics specialists are constantly discovering new opportunities in working with big data. One relatively new phenomenon in Russian education is the collection of corpora of student texts in a foreign language. It’s possibilities for linguodidactical research depend primarily on the duration of the data collection and on the markup that corpus contains. The article focuses on the corpus of German-language student texts PACT (Petrozavodsk annotated corpus of texts) and longitudinal research of types of linguistic mistakes made by students throughout the study of the German language for 5 years. The result of the research is statistics for 90 classes of errors, divided into 7 major groups – grammar, vocabulary, orthography, punctuation, discourse, omissions and superfluous elements – and the dynamics of these statistics over the 5 years of German language study. Comparison of the most frequent errors made by 1st and 5th year students respectively shows that subjects causing the most problems for students during all years of study are lexeme selection, orthography, omissions in text, punctuation and reverse word order. At the end of study problems with indefinite articles, adjective and noun declension, formation of plural form and gender of nouns are giving way to other issues such as superfluous elements in text, logic, word order in subordinate sentences and stylistic errors.

Keywords: learner corpus, German as a foreign language, language errors, educational data mining

Smirnova Olga Valeriyevna, Lovkova Ekaterina Alexandrovna Dynamics of sensitivity to a human among students of psychological and pedagogical directions of training // Pedagogical Review. 2024. Issue 1 (53). P. 107-114

The modern educational process in a higher educational institution should have a personal and professional orientation. The development of personal and professional competencies necessary for future teachers and psychologists is the most important task of training specialists in this area. Sensitivity to another person is one of these competencies. The theoretical part of the article analyzes the concept of “sensitivity to a person,” reveals the structure of this concept and describes the components of sensitivity to another, such as interest in a person, empathy, understanding and help. The purpose of empirical research is to identify the dynamics of sensitivity to humans in students of psychological and pedagogical areas of training. In total, 163 students of psychological and pedagogical areas of training at Cherepovets State University (from 1 to 5 years) took part in the study. As a result, it was found that the level of sensitivity to humans among students of psychological and pedagogical areas of training is quite high, some of its decline occurs only in the second or third year. The most pronounced sensitivity parameters in students of all courses are empathy and help. To a lesser extent, students have an interest in the individual and an understanding of the individual. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that an analysis of the dynamics of sensitivity in students of psychological and pedagogical areas of training is presented, “problem” zones have been identified when it is formed at different stages of study at the university. The data obtained show the importance of purposeful formation of sensitivity to humans among students of psychological and pedagogical areas of training both in the framework of educational activities and in extracurricular activities.

Keywords: interest in the person, understanding, help, sensitivity to the person, empathy

Nelyubin Nikolay Ivanovich Thinking and art: the conjugation of anthropological practices // Pedagogical Review. 2024. Issue 2 (54). P. 149-158

The scientific discourse of modern post-non-classical psychology is characterized by overcoming monodisciplinary language in describing the multidimensional phenomenology of human existence and those practices through which a person constitutes his subjectivity and reproduces a meaningful, human way of life. Such anthropological practices include thinking and art, which make it possible to continuously complete and transform the picture of the world (both at the level of the individual and at the level of social consciousness). A work of art, from the position of the author of the work, is not only a means of aesthetic transformation of reality, but also a symbolic expression of life itself, concentrated and aesthetically loaded with the thought of her. Reflecting on the aesthetic and conceptual aspects of a work of art, a person receives unique opportunities: to reveal the meaning of non-obvious sign-symbolic correspondences between the events of his own life and their artistic equivalents; productively rethink the individual way of being, overcome the inertia of everyday rationality. The article reveals and receives theoretical justification for the functional connection, phenomenological proximity, and mutual reversibility of thinking and art. In both practices, a certain unity of affect and intellect, concept and metaphor, fantasy and common sense is revealed. Thinking is an internal moment of any artistic creation, but it, in turn, receives an intentional impulse from the same noetic, motivational sources as art. The similarity of the dynamics of mental search (especially its first phases) with the dynamics of the artistic act is shown, as well as the inclusion of specific emotional states in both processes. An integral link between the mental and artistic act is imagination, the main function of which here is to defamiliarize things and undermine established ways of constructing meaning. The author, using the example of the relationship between the central and implicit parts of scientific theory, reveals the phenomenology of the “breakthrough” of human creative thought beyond the boundaries of routine mental activity. This effect is a consequence of the repeated collision of established methods of conceptualization with fantasy anomalies that the imagination produces, thereby opening up an alternative search for eidetic and symbolic solutions.

Keywords: thinking, thought, mental search, art, artistic act, imagination, meaning

Gelfman Emanuila Grigoryevna, Podstrigich Anna Gennadyevna, Andayev Denis Olegovich Design features of the educational topic learning environment (on the example of mathematics) // Pedagogical Review. 2023. Issue 6 (52). P. 7-20

The relevance of the work is due to the fact that mathematics, as a special language of science and communication, is a cultural phenomenon of the modern digital society, and educational texts in mathematics, as a condition for the implementation of meaningful education for students, reflective selfdetermination of teachers and the design of a developmental learning environment, become the subject of research in various academic areas, including psychodidactics. The methodological base was a descriptive and systematic analysis of empirical facts in the study of the role of the educational text and the learning space of the educational topic in creating a developmental learning environment aimed at the meaningful mastering of mathematics by students. A comparative method was used in the analysis of educational texts from the standpoint of their features and properties that contribute to the creation of a developmental learning environment in the process of studying mathematics. The authors analyse and describe the modern educational text, the transformation of the education content and the crucial role of the learning environment in the process of mastering the educational topic. Having conducted the study and the analysis of the obtained data, the authors come to the conclusion that a specially designed educational topic learning environment is likely to become part of the developmental learning environment. Moreover, it seems to affect the achievement of a deep level of understanding the educational material by students and influences the system of concepts, facts, methods of action, thinking, perception of the world and the individual in the relevant environment.

Keywords: educational text, learning environment of the educational topic, developmental learning environment, conscious learning

Safonova Ekaterina Anatolyevna Analysis of school essays-reviews of the book read by different generations // Pedagogical Review. 2023. Issue 6 (52). P. 42-50

The report provides a comparative analysis of school essays on the topic “Review of a book read” written by sixth graders in 1985, 2005 and 2022. For analysis, the compositions of students from schools 88 (Seversk), 36, 49 schools (Tomsk) were used. A comparative analysis of the essays demonstrates how the reading preferences of Soviet schoolchildren (generation X), teenagers of generation zero (Y) and the modern generation (Z) have changed, and also shows the formation of textual competence among schoolchildren. Soviet schoolchildren loved to read books about exploits and heroism. Favorite authors are Reuvem Fraerman, Arkady Gaidar, Lev Davydychev. Generation zero was interested in adventures, science fiction, horror, children’s romance novels. Favorite authors – Robert Stein, Joan Rowling, John Ronald Ruel Tolkien, Sergey Lukyanenko. Digital children prefer comics, manga and fan fiction. Favorite authors are Ida Iro, Wakui Ken, Koeharu Gotoge, Diana Jones, Cornelia Funke. A comparison of the essays showed that Soviet schoolchildren were most conscientious about the task. The reviews have a clear structure, there is logic, one’s own opinion is expressed. The minus of the reviews is the ideology and the template. Millennial reviews do not have a clear composition, thoughts are expressed chaotically, but there are criticisms and jokes. The writings of digital children are the most concise, they do not contain reflections. Conclusions are presented regarding the prospects of working with teenagers in literature lessons

Keywords: textual competence, methods of teaching literature, theory of generations, generation X, millennials, zoomers, digital children, modern teenage literature, reading circle of teenagers, book review

Ryadinskaya Evgeniya Nikolaevna, Volobuev Vakhtang Vyacheslavovich, Bogrova Kristina Borisovna Leveling the negative manifestations of narcissism in students by the method of jungian sand therapy // Pedagogical Review. 2024. Issue 1 (53). P. 141-148

In recent decades, there has been an increase in the destructive influence of narcissistic patterns on the life of modern society. Such phenomena as selfishness, pride, and skepticism are promoted in social networks and advertising and offer a new model of behavior. More and more people are striving to improve various aspects of their lives – from their own body to family and business. However, the desire for excellence and success can lead to bitter disappointment and dissatisfaction. This article is devoted to the issue of leveling the negative manifestations of narcissism by the method of Jungian sand therapy, since in practice there is a lack of methodological developments to help people with narcissistic manifestations that have not reached the clinical level. The purpose of the study: to test a training program for leveling the negative manifestations of narcissism among students using the Jungian sand therapy. The training program developed by us is dedicated to the transformation of narcissism based on sand therapy and is a synthesis of Carl Jung’s ideas and personal experience of using art therapy. Such work is based on the creation of artistic images from various materials: stones, sand, water, etc. The technology for implementing the training program included the following forms of work: psychodiagnostics, mini-lecture, express survey, workshop, amplification, individual counseling, group training. Analysis of the results of the study confirms a positive trend in the transformation of narcissistic manifestations and can be recommended for use in psychological practice to help people with manifestations of narcissism.

Keywords: narcissism, Jungian sand therapy, gender identity

Nguyen Tkhi Ziyeu Lin Gradual exercises aimed at the formation of ethnocultural competence in teaching proverbs to vietnamese students // Pedagogical Review. 2024. Issue 1 (53). P. 65-72

The author highlights the importance of incorporating ethnocultural components in teaching Russian as a foreign language, especially in the context of globalization, and emphasizes that acquiring ethnocultural competence is one of the primary objectives of foreign language teaching. The author examines the concept of “ethnic culture” in the field of education and categorizes ethnocultural components, such as the culture of communication, behavior, history, lifestyle, traditions, customs, and holidays. Furthermore, the author proposes two approaches to define the concept of “ethnocultural competence”: from the perspective of students and from the perspective of teachers. The author also emphasizes the significance of anticipating factors and types of exercises that should be considered before designing gradual exercises, as well as criteria for assessing students’ levels of ethnocultural competence. The author outlines the principles of developing exercises that aim to form the ethnocultural competence of Vietnamese students while teaching proverbs containing ethnocultural components. These principles include a gradual transition from the initial to the final stages, a gradual increase in the complexity of exercises, and a sequential approach. Using these principles, the author describes the didactic materials that exemplify the exercises built on the presented principles. The author suggests that gradual exercises aim to form ethnocultural competence have a great teaching potential.

Keywords: ethnocultural approach, ethnocultural competence, gradual exercises, proverb with an ethnocultural component, Vietnamese audience

Nenilin Sergey Nikolaevich The component composition of the modern engineer’s soft skills // Pedagogical Review. 2023. Issue 5 (51). P. 7-16

The article is devoted to the topical issue of pedagogical support for the formation of professional self-determination of schoolchildren in the single-industry town. The very process of formation of professional self-determination of schoolchildren is not new. At different times Russian scientists studied various aspects of the formation of professional self-determination: sociological, psychological, technological, pedagogical, professional development, methodological foundations, psychological and pedagogical support and scientific and methodological support. Over the past years, Russian scientists have been actively searching for new approaches to solving the problems of professional self-determination of schoolchildren and organizing this process. However, the issues of pedagogical support for professional self-determination of schoolchildren in single-industry towns, where negative socio-economic processes are observed (population outflow, closure or reduction of city-forming enterprises, limited number of qualified specialists, etc.), require theoretical and practical development, and, unlike federal and regional centers, there is limited amount of resources. The purpose of this study was to identify the conditions for the effectiveness of pedagogical support for the formation of professional self-determination of schoolchildren in a single-industry town. To achieve this purpose we used theoretical and empirical research methods: analysis and synthesis, modeling, design, pedagogical experiment, questioning, observation, methods of mathematical processing of the obtained results. The results obtained during the pedagogical experiment allow us to state that the effective conditions of the formation of professional self-determination of schoolchildren are: the implementation of pedagogical support at all stages of the process under consideration: diagnostic, design, activity, evaluation; designing the informational and educational environment of a single-industry town; organization of interaction between all subjects of the formation of professional self-determination of schoolchildren (educational organizations, parents, organizations of industry and the sphere of social services of the of a single-industry town – social partners). The results obtained in the study can be used in the educational practice of single-industry towns.

Keywords: pedagogical support, formation of professional self-determination of schoolchildren, information and educational environment of a single-industry town

Efimkina Anna Olegovna Analysis of metamodels for verbal representation of clothing by women // Pedagogical Review. 2024. Issue 5 (57). P. 101-113

This article presents the results of a study aimed at identifying and analyzing significant categories of verbal representation of clothing provided by female respondents. The relevance of the study lies in exploring human identity through the adornment of appearance in accordance with their ideals of the ideal self. Contemporary research on the relationship between clothing and identity has focused more on social and cultural stereotypes than on the psychological aspects of clothing choice. The material of the article addresses this gap in psychology research. The study was conducted using the method of psychological questionnaires, with 36 women aged 24–55 years. The author examines elements of verbal representation of clothing as reflections of the process of self-identification in women. The analysis conducted contributes to a deeper understanding of the relationship between speech, clothing, and identity. For practicing psychologists, the ability to analyze and interpret visual aspects of client appearance is an important skill that aids in the effective diagnosis of personal psychological issues. The main focus of the article is the analysis of speech metamodels used in describing clothing. The study reveals that, in addition to direct verbal messages, respondents unconsciously express their emotions and attitudes through speech constructs. The authors draw on symbolic interactionism, psychoanalytic, and neurolinguistic approaches for analysis. Three categories of clothing meanings were identified: utilitarian, social, and personal. Additionally, three metamodels were described and analyzed: denial, use of expressive language, and metaphorical expressions. Client case examples are provided for illustration. Clothing possesses universal communicative meanings. When analyzing descriptions of appearance, attention should be paid not only to the content of speech but also to its structure, as it carries additional semantic nuances and provides psychologists with the opportunity to analyze unconscious motives of individuals, thereby enhancing therapeutic dialogue possibilities. The research findings are useful for psychologists, non-medical psychotherapists, and art therapists, who can use projective clothing descriptions for diagnosing and identifying client behavioral patterns for subsequent correction. Additionally, the results may be important for researchers in the fields of clothing and identity, as well as for image consultants, designers, and stylists.

Keywords: clothing, identity, metamodels, speech, appearance, personal meaning, psychotherapy

Sheynov Viktor Pavlovich, Yermak Vladislav Olegovich Relationships between problematic smartphone use and Machiavellianism, personality orientation and communication skills // Pedagogical Review. 2024. Issue 1 (53). P. 115-122

The relationship between smartphone addiction and psychological ill-being established in research prompted the introduction of a new construct – “problematic smartphone use.” This study tests the hypothesis of the relationship between problematic smartphone use and Machiavellianism, personality orientation, and communication skills. Data for the empirical study were collected through online testing of 713 respondents in Belarus and Russia, including 361 women and 350 men. The working hypothesis was confirmed: the study showed that problematic smartphone use is positively correlated with Machiavellianism, self-direction, dependent and aggressive behavior, and negatively with task focus, confident behavior and age. These conclusions about the connections between problematic smartphone use and Machiavellianism and types of behavior correspond to similar foreign results. The relationship between problematic smartphone use and personality orientation has not previously been studied. The practical significance of the results obtained includes their possible use in preventive work to prevent students from falling into a state of smartphone addiction.

Keywords: problematic smartphone use, Machiavellianism, personality orientation, communication skills

Bredikhina Svetlana Valeryevna Methodological aspects of overcoming difficulties in mastering grammar by junior schoolchildren // Pedagogical Review. 2024. Issue 2 (54). P. 17-25

The problem of using graphic techniques of working with text in geography lessons is considered. The history of the development of techniques of working with text is described. The legal documents have been studied, which determine the importance of the formation of students’ skills to work with the text, including its graphical representation. The content of school geography textbooks is analyzed for the presence of tasks on working with graphic material in them. The graphic techniques of working with text (“Summary of paraphrases”, “Main thoughts. Terms and concepts. Questions on the topic”, “Denotational graph”, “Venn rings”, “Fishbone”, “Cluster”, “Logical reference notes”, “Mental map”) are described based on the material of different courses of school geography, with examples of tasks performed by pupils. The results of the survey of students on the assimilation of educational material through the graphical representation of the text are analyzed. It is concluded that the use of graphic techniques of working with text in geography lessons contributes to a deeper understanding of it, the development of imagination, the ability to systematize and classify, and to identify cause-and-effect relationships. The purpose of the article is to describe graphic techniques of working with text in geography lessons. The conducted survey of pupils shows interest in these techniques. The results are expressed in the justification of the need to develop students’ skills of the graphic representation of the educational text and introduce it into the educational practice of educational organizations.

Keywords: functional literacy, semantic reading, graphic techniques of working with text, logical reference notes, universal learning activities, critical thinking development technology

Ma Haixin Modern comparative pedagogical research on the training of vocalists in China and Russia // Pedagogical Review. 2024. Issue 3 (55). P. 154-164

The role of comparative research has increased, and the interdependent world has become the modern context for the development of comparative pedagogy. Recently, the number of scientific and pedagogical publications devoted to music education and vocal pedagogy, in particular the training of vocalists, has increased in both countries. In Russian universities and conservatories, vocalists from China are trained, vocal competitions are held with participants from both countries, and Russian teachers in the field of music education are invited to China for teaching activities. The article summarizes the results of modern comparative pedagogical research over the past 15 years on the training of vocalists in China and Russia, carried out primarily by Chinese scientists alone, in collaboration with Russian scientists or under the scientific supervision of scientists from Russian universities. Their problems are mainly related to the influence of Russian vocal art (opera) on Chinese and the peculiarities of training vocalists in China and Russia (similarities and differences). The review of research data allows us to create a holistic picture of the current state of training of vocalists in the two countries, the specifics, development and integration of vocal schools. Modern research confirms the influence of Russian theory and practice in the field of training vocalists on Chinese musical and vocal education, but the training systems in both China and Russia are equally highly and respectfully assessed, their uniqueness, similarities, and differences are revealed, noting possible areas for improvement.

Keywords: training of vocalists in China, training of vocalists in Russia, comparative pedagogy, vocal pedagogy, comparative pedagogical research

Elnikova Oksana Evgenyevna, Kolosova Irina Gennadyevna Attitude to the disease in boys and girls with different gender identities // Pedagogical Review. 2023. Issue 5 (51). P. 187-194

The question of the influence of the psychological characteristic gender identity on the attitude of representatives of modern youth to the disease is considered. The results of a diagnostic study of the relationship between gender identity and types of attitude to the disease are presented. The characteristic of the concept of “disease” is given, the analysis of two main models of the occurrence and course of the disease is given: biomedical and biopsychosocial. Studies of the peculiarities of responding to the loss of health of carriers of a particular gender are analyzed. It is noted that gender-specific attitudes to the disease can become an important factor in the overall improvement of the situation in the healthcare sector and in the daily life of carriers of different gender roles, the overall improvement of the level and quality of life of the population. The data presented in this article allow us to conclude that taking into account behavioral reactions, individual typological characteristics of a person will help to avoid an increase in symptoms generated by the most stressful situation – the disease. The results obtained prove that the behavior model and individual reactions of people are often determined by gender, which in modern realities does not always coincide with gender.

Keywords: illness, attitude to illness, gender, gender identity

Il’yina Natalia Nikolaevna, Ul’yashin Nikolay Ivanovich Didactic tools as a condition for retraining welders on the basis of the training center of the enterprise // Pedagogical Review. 2024. Issue 2 (54). P. 104-112

Methodological substantiations of the use of didactic tools as a leading tool that forms the motivational, cognitive and professional activities of workers at the enterprise in the conditions of a production training center are presented. The theoretical significance of the studied problem in the theory and practice of professional training of workers in the field of welding production is determined. The concepts of “in-house training”, “in-house training”, “training in the conditions of the enterprise” are clarified. It is reasonable to fill didactic tools as a category of auxiliary means for conducting training and production classes in the conditions of the training center of JSC “Nizhnetagilsky Metallurgical Combine” from the position of in-house training. In the current situation, continuous development becomes one of the priority processes for the country. Standards are changing at a high rate, new equipment and new technologies are emerging, such processes require constant development in the field of human qualifications. A high-tech enterprise requires qualified employees, but it should be understood that after a while their qualifications will again be insufficient. At the present stage of industrial training according to the retraining programs of workers, modern information carriers are introduced in the theory and practice of teaching special courses. Currently, the main part of educational and teaching materials, including the text part of lecture materials, literary sources, illustrations, graphs, flowcharts, tables, diagrams, instructional and instructional-technological maps, practical cases.

Keywords: in-house training, training in the conditions of the enterprise, training of workers, welding production, didactics, didactic tools

Petrova Elena Yuryevna, Ershova Tatyana Vladimirovna Graphic techniques of working with text in geography lessons // Pedagogical Review. 2023. Issue 6 (52). P. 21-31

The problem of using graphic techniques of working with text in geography lessons is considered. The history of the development of techniques of working with text is described. The legal documents have been studied, which determine the importance of the formation of students’ skills to work with the text, including its graphical representation. The content of school geography textbooks is analyzed for the presence of tasks on working with graphic material in them. The graphic techniques of working with text (“Summary of paraphrases”, “Main thoughts. Terms and concepts. Questions on the topic”, “Denotational graph”, “Venn rings”, “Fishbone”, “Cluster”, “Logical reference notes”, “Mental map”) are described based on the material of different courses of school geography, with examples of tasks performed by pupils. The results of the survey of students on the assimilation of educational material through the graphical representation of the text are analyzed. It is concluded that the use of graphic techniques of working with text in geography lessons contributes to a deeper understanding of it, the development of imagination, the ability to systematize and classify, and to identify cause-and-effect relationships. The purpose of the article is to describe graphic techniques of working with text in geography lessons. The conducted survey of pupils shows interest in these techniques. The results are expressed in the justification of the need to develop students’ skills of the graphic representation of the educational text and introduce it into the educational practice of educational organizations.

Keywords: functional literacy, semantic reading, graphic techniques of working with text, logical reference notes, universal learning activities, critical thinking development technology

Godunov Mikhail Viktorovich, Akhmedova Sabina Nyutveli Kyzy, Portnov Evgeniy Aleksandrovich The specifics of avoiding behavior of students in various situations // Pedagogical Review. 2024. Issue 2 (54). P. 122-128

The article aims to present the results of the study of the characteristics of the avoidance strategy as a coping behaviour, as a way of resolving conflicts, and as a model of decision making. The battery of tests includes the Amirkhan dominant Coping Strategies Identification test (CSI), the Thomas-Kilmann test of predisposition to conflict behaviour (TKI), the Melbourne Decision Making Questionnaire test (MDMQ), D.A. Leontiev Life-purpose orientations test (LPO). Sample size was n=70. Testing was conducted simultaneously among two groups of male students receiving a legal education. The first group consisted of 18-year-old students of 1-2 years of study (n=34). The second group consisted of 22-year-old students of 4-5 years of study (n=36). It was found that 22-year-old students are more prone to es-cape stressful situations. However, they are less inclined to an avoidance strategy in conflicts-to-avoiding when choosing in uncertain situations. At the same time, they demonstrate a greater degree of flexibility of behaviour in stressful, conflict situations and when choosing in conditions of uncertainty, as well as greater comprehension of the system of life goals than 18-year-old students. According to the authors of the article, this is due to the high level of development of the image of the professional world due to the higher level of mastering the chosen profession among 22-year-old students completing their studies, compared to their younger colleagues just starting vocational training.

Keywords: avoidance, coping strategy, conflict behaviour, decision making, life-purpose orientation