STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT OF ELITE FAMILY UPBRINGING AND HOME EDUCATION IN RUSSIAN IN 18TH – EARLY 20TH CENTURIES
DOI: 10.23951/2307-6127-2020-3-151-164
The purpose of the article is to identify the characteristic features of the organization and logic of evolving the tendencies of elite family upbringing and home education as well as the content of the state policy in the sphere of regulating the relations of upbringing in the family and to define on that basis the stages of development of these processes in the period of the 18th – the early 20th centuries. The organization of the research takes into account the evolution of educational practice which allows us to track the logic of the formation and development of elite family upbringing and home education. We defined the criterial features characterizing the peculiarities of the content, organization and methodology of elite pedagogical processes going in the family in the period under study. Thechronological frames of the research are grounded. The periodization of the historical development of elite family upbringing was conducted on the basis of correlation with the factors of elitization of the personality under the conditions of the family. Among the most important are the content of family upbringing and home education, the sum total of the means, methods and pedagogical techniques, requirements for the personality and professional characteristics of home teachers and foreign family tutors and others. At the first stage (the early 18th – the 1750s) of the development of elite family upbringing and home education in Russia the basic characteristics of realizing an interaction of adults and children for the purpose of creating an elite personality are formed. The second stage (from the 1760s to the early 19the century) can be characterized by the influence of the forming system of state education on the best practices of family upbringing. The third stage of evolving elite family upbringing and home education (the early 19th – the 1840s) is connected with returning to national values in family upbringing practice, weakening the influence of foreign family tutorship on the formation of moral sphere of elite personality. The last period (the 1850s up to the revolution of 1917) can be characterized by the fact that all the most significant elitivist tendencies and traditions of family upbringing and home education reached the highest degree of their development and manifestation. The periodization of the development of elite family upbringing and home education in Russia in the 18th – the early 20th centuries suggested by us allows to identify the time stages of the genesis of these pedagogical processes, to single out the main tendencies of their historical evolving, to trace the peculiarities of emergence and manifestation of elitivist educational tendencies in families of the nobility and merchants belonging to the elite, in the family of the emperor.
Keywords: elite, elite family upbringing, elite home education, history of family upbringing in Russia, historical stages of the development of upbringing and education in the family
References:
1. Mazalova M. A. Ob «elitnom» i «elitarnom» kak sushchnostnykh kharakteristikakh praktiki semeynogo vospitaniya [“Elite” (high level) and “elitarian”(connected with the elite) as the essential characteristics of the practice of family upbringing]. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta – TSPU Bulletin, 2013, vol. 11 (139), pp. 156–161 (in Russian).
2. Zvereva O. L., Ganicheva A. N. Semeynaya pedagogika i domashneye vospitaniye [Family pedagogy and home upbringing]. Moscow, Akademia Publ., 2000. 160 p. (in Russian).
3. Ashin G. K. Mirovoye elitnoye obrazovaniye [World’s elite education]. Moscow, Ankil Publ., 2008. 350 p. (in Russian).
4. Mazalova M. A. O fenomene elitnogo semeynogo vospitaniya [About the phenomenon of elite family upbringing]. Nachalnaya shkola, 2017, no. 3, pp. 17–20 (in Russian).
5. Ukaz imperatritsy Elizavety Petrovny ot 12 yanvarya 1755 g. «Ob uchrezhdenii moskovskogo universiteta i dvukh gimnaziy s prilozheniyem vysochayshe utverzhdennogo proekta po semu predmetu» [The degree of the empress Elizaveta Petrovna of 12 January 1755 about declaring the foundation of Moscow University and two gymnasiums with an attachment of a highly approved project on this subject]. Polnoye sobraniye zakonov Rossiyskoy imperii. Sost. Yu. A. Pelevin. Sobraniye pervoye. T. XIV. No. 10346 [Complete collection of the laws of the Russian Empire. Compiled by Yu. A. Pelevin. The first collection. Vol. XIV. No. 10346]. Saint Petersburg, 1830 (in Russian).
6. Ukaz imperatritsy Elizavety Petrovny ot 5 maya 1757 g. «O predvaritel’nom ispytanii v naukakh inostrantsev, zhelayushchikh opredelit’sya v chastnye doma dlya obucheniya detey» [The degree of the empress Elizaveta Petrovna of 5 May 1757 “About the preliminary test in the sciences for foreigners who want to find a place in private homes for teaching children”]. Polnoye sobraniye zakonov Rossiyskoy imperii. Sost. Yu. A. Pelevin. Sobraniye pervoye. T. XIV. No. 10724 [Complete collection of the laws of the Russian Empire. Compiled by Yu. A. Pelevin. The first collection. Vol. XIV. No. 10724]. Saint Petersburg, 1830 (in Russian).
7. Lobzarov V. M., Korpusova Yu. A. Istoricheskiye istoki dukhovnykh osnov otechestvennogo elitnogo obrazovaniya [The historical backgrounds of the spiritual bases of native elite education]. Vestnik Tverskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Pedagogika i psikhologiya, 2013, no. 1, pp. 196–204 (in Russian).
8. Zabelin I. Domashniy byt russkikh tsarey v XVI i XVII stoletiyakh. Otv. red. O. A. Platonov [The home life of Russian tsars in the 16th and 17th centuries. Editor-in-chief O. A. Platonov]. Moscow, The institute of Russian civilization Publ., 2014. 1056 p. (in Russian).
9. Raspisaniye zanyatiy Petra II, sostavlennoye v Verkhovnom taynom sovete [Peter II’s class timetable made in the Supreme Privy Council]. RGDA – Rossiyskiy Gosudarstvennyy arkhiv drevnikh aktov [Russian state archive of ancient acts]. F. 2. Op. 1. D. 26. L. 2–5 (in Russian).
10. Veydemeyer A. Obzor glavneyshikh proisshestviy v Rossii s konchiny Petra Velikogo do vstupleniya na presto Elizavety Petrovny: v 3 ch. Ch. 1 [A review of the most important accidents in Russia from the death of Peter the Great till the enthronement of Elizaveta Petrovna: in 3 parts. Part 1]. Saint Petersburg, 1838. 133 p. (in Russian).
11. Pavlenko N. I. Petr II [Peter II]. Moscow, RG-Press Publ., 2018. 224 p. (in Russian).
12. Pchelov Ye. V. Romanovy: Istoriya velikoy dinastii [The Romanovs: the history of a great dynasty]. Moscow, Veche Publ., 2013. 400 p. (in Russian).
13. Ukaz Petra I «O poryadke nasledovaniya v dvizhimykh i nedvizhimykh imushchestvakh ot 23 marta 1714 goda» [Decree of Peter I “On the order of inheritance in movable and immovable property from March 23, 1714”]. Polnoye sobraniye zakonov Rossiyskoy imperii. Sost. Yu. A. Pelevin. Sobraniye pervoye. Tom V [Complete collection of the laws of the Russian Empire. Compiled by Yu. A. Pelevin. The first collection]. Saint Petersburg, 1830. Vol. V. No. 2789 (in Russian).
14. Nake-Nakenskiy – Nikolay Nikolayevich Starshi [Nake-Nakensky – Nikolai Nikolaevich the Senior]. Russkiy biograficheskiy slovar’: v XXV t. Tom XI [Russian bibliographical dictionary: in XXV volumes. Vol. XI]. Saint Petersburg, Tipografia glavnogo upravleniya udelov Publ., 1914. 390 p. (in Russian).
15. Mironov B. N. Sotsial’naya istoriya Rossii. XVIII – nachalo XX v. Genezis lichnosti, demokraticheskoy sem’i, grazhdanskogo obshchestva i pravovogo gosudarstva. V 2 t. T. 1 [The social history of Russia. The 18th–the early 20th centuries. The genesis of a personality, a democratic family, civil society and a law-governed state. In 2 vol. Vol. 1]. Saint Petersburg, 2003 (in Russian).
16. Khabeyev T. N. Sotsial’no-politicheskiye osnovaniya obrazovatel’nykh reform v Rossii s drevneyshikh vremen do XXI veka. Avtoref. dis. ... d-ra ped. nauk [The socio-political foundations of educational reforms in Russia from ancient times to the 21th century. Abstract of thesis of doct. ped. sci.]. N. Novgorod, 2012. 50 p. (in Russian).
17. Bekhteyev F. I. Kratkoye ponyatiye o fizike: dlya upotrebleniya Ego Imperatorskogo Velichestva velikogo knyazya Pavla Petrovicha [A brief idea of physics: for the use of His Imperial Majesty Grand Duke Pavel Petrovich]. Saint Petersburg, Tipografia Akademii nauk Publ., 1760. 65 p. (in Russian).
18. La ChétardieT. De Nastavleniye znatnomu molodomu gospodinu, ili Voobrazheniye o svetskom cheloveke. Perevedeno s frntsuzkogo na resskiy yazyk Leyb-gvardii Izmaylodskogo polka podpraporshchikom Ivanom Murav’yevym [The instruction to a noble young master, or imagination about a secular man. Translated from French into Russian by the Izmailovsky Life Guards Regiment sergeant Ivan Muravyov]. Saint Petersburg, Pech. pri art. i inzh. shlyakhet. kadet. korpuse izhdiveniyem Kh.F. Kleena Publ., 1778. 48p. (in Russian).
19. Dashkova Ye. R. Pis’mo k izdatelyu «Russkogo vestnika» [A letter to the publisher of Russky Vestnik]. Russkiy Vestnik, 1808, part 1, no. 2, pp. 227–232 (in Russian).
20. Istoriya zhizni blagorodnoy zhenshhiny. Sost. V. M. Bokova [The life story of a noble woman. Compiled by V. M. Bokova]. Moscow, Novoye literaturnoye obozreniye Publ., 1996. 480 p. (in Russian).
21. PFA RAN [St. Petersburg branch of the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences]. F. 3. Op. 9. Ed. khr. 78. L. 14 (in Russian).
22. Muraviyev M. N. Pis’ma ottsu i sestre 1777–1778 godov [Letters to Father and Sister of 1777–1778]. Pis’ma russkikh pisateley XVIII veka [Letters of Russian writers of the 18th century]. Leningrad, Nauka Publ., 1980. Pp. 259–377 (in Russian).
23. Ob ispytanii domashnikh uchiteley [About testing home teachers]. Sbornik postanovleniy po Ministerstvu narodnogo prosveshcheniya 2-e izd. T. 1 [A collection of decisions on the Ministry of People’s Education 2nd ed. Vol. 1]. Saint Petersburg, Tipografiya Balasheva Publ., 1875. 776 p. (in Russian).
24. Polozheniye o domashnikh nastavnikakh i uchitelyakh [The regulation on home mentors and teachers]. Sbornik postanovleniy po Ministerstvu narodnogo prosveshheniya 2-e izd. [A collection of decisions on the Ministry of People’s Education 2nd ed.]. Saint Petersburg, Tipografia of Balashev Publ., 1876. Vol II. 704 p. (in Russian).
25. Dopolnitel’nye pravila o domashnikh nastavnikakh i uchitelyakh [Additional rules for home mentors and teachers]. Zhurnal Ministerstva narodnogo prosveshcheniya [The Ministry of People’s Education Journal]. Saint Petersburg, Part III. No.VII. Section 1 (in Russian).
26. Solodyankina O. Yu. Inostrannye nastavniki v dvoryanskom domashnem vospitanii v Rossii (vtoraya polovina XVIII – pervaya polovina XIX veka. Avtoref. dis. ... d-ra ist. nauk [Foreign tutors in noble home education in Russia (second half of the 18th – first half of the 19th century). Abstract of thesis of doct. histor. sci.]. Moscow, 2008. 46 p. (in Russian).
27. Mazalova M. A. Evolyutsiya elitnosti v semeynom vospitanii kupechestva v XIX veke [The evolution of eliteness in the family upbringing of the merchantry in the 19th century]. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta – TSPU Bulletin, 2012, vol. 5 (120), pp. 91–95 (in Russian).
28. Sheremetyev S. D. Memuary. Vospominaniya o sebe i o svoyey sem’ye: Vospominaniya detstva. Vospominaniya 1853–1861. T. 2 [Memoirs. The memories of myself and my family: childhood memories. The memoirs of 1853–1861. Vol. 2]. Moscow, Indrik Publ., 2005. 560 p. (in Russian).
Issue: 3, 2020
Series of issue: Issue 3
Rubric: INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES
Pages: 151 — 164
Downloads: 737